In a well-designed interior, every detail matters. A harmonious appearance is created using many different elements, including a plaster decor. Plaster skirtings for ceilings, sockets, mirror frames, fireplace portals, moldings, pediments, pilasters, consoles, fountains, attics are made of plaster or its imitation. This design is suitable for the decoration of many luxurious, stylish, expensive interiors of apartments, private houses, concert halls, office buildings.
Gypsum - refers to sedimentary minerals, distributed almost everywhere. This is one of the oldest, most popular building materials. It is a powdery grayish-white composition obtained by firing natural gypsum stone. A few centuries ago, they adorned only palaces, the homes of wealthy citizens, but today this material is available to everyone. It has its pros and cons.
Benefits:
fast hardening ability;
low production costs;
finished material is easy to cut;
environmental friendliness;
maintainability of the decor;
high soundproofing properties;
resistance to burning;
it is a “breathable” vapor-permeable coating;
the material is warm to the touch;
the ability to manufacture products of almost any configuration;
easy to stain.
Disadvantages:
insufficient strength, brittleness of finished structures;
poor frost resistance;
low water resistance - to store the dry mixture and to operate gypsum stucco is allowed only in dry rooms.
Plaster decoration masks defects in ceilings and walls, hides some irregularities in window slopes, and adorns the façade, the hallmark of any home.
In order to absorb less water, hydrophobizing, plasticizing substances are added to it, and it is rammed to increase strength, thermal conductivity, and reduce porosity.
Plaster decor in different styles.
Plaster decor is used in many interior styles:
classical;
antique;
Art Deco
Art Nouveau;
loft;
industrial;
art believe;
baroque;
rococo;
Gothic;
Art Nouveau;
Empire
Oriental;
Italian;
Greek;
Renaissance;
modern;
French;
English.
The stucco elements are used in different ways: the original panel in the Art Nouveau style will decorate the space of the living room, bedrooms, classicism - arches, portals, wide cornices. 3D panels are suitable for a modern style, heavy gilded cornices, columns will become a decoration for baroque, empire, mythological subjects will be part of the rococo decor. Strict details in the form of tiles, bricks, simple geometric shapes, complement the interiors of the loft, high-tech.
In an ordinary, small apartment, it is not recommended to use an excessive amount of bulky stucco molding - it will further narrow the cramped space.
Ways to use gypsum decor
Gypsum is well compatible with the vast majority of building and decoration materials. Original products from it will perfectly decorate any space. It is important not to overload the interior - openwork stucco molding, which has many elements, is combined with plain wallpaper, decorative plasters, simple geometric shapes - with more intricate patterns. With the help of this design it is easy to hide minor imperfections of walls, ceilings, emphasize advantages, adjust the shape of the room, and make zoning. Stucco details are painted in all kinds of colors, manually decorated with art paintings, decorated “wood”, “gold”, “bronze”, “stone” and other expensive materials.
building facades (gypsum with special additives or coatings is used);
furniture decor - separate overhead elements;
design of lamps, mirrors, paintings;
sculptures, columns, pedestals in the middle of rooms, halls;
curly balusters of fences of balconies;
niches, arches, sculptures;
grilles or grids for ventilation openings;
bricks, ceiling tiles, etc.
It is undesirable to use all types of decorative stucco molding at the same time, even in chic, expensive interiors of Rococo or Empire style. Two or three details are enough - a textured panel and huge cornices combined with a ceiling rosette, several half-columns with plaster framing of mirrors, a luxurious stucco fireplace opposite the same arch, individual elements in the corners of ceilings and walls.
Volumetric panels
Volumetric paintings adorn the rooms of apartments in the metropolis, country mansions, halls of industrial buildings, exhibition halls. This material is very practical, and a beautifully made with your own hands composition can completely transform any room. The theme should correspond to the purpose, the interior of the room. Still-lifes are preferable for the kitchen, calm landscapes in the bedroom, portraits, flowers, abstractions for the living room, fairy-tale, cartoon characters in the nursery.
How it's done:
the wall is leveled, plastered, the drawing is applied with a simple pencil;
apply a gypsum mixture, giving it a conceived shape, work out the relief;
when the structure dries, it is sanded with sandpaper;
finishing putty is applied on top, the panel is painted with white acrylic, and individual details are highlighted by other colors.
The finished panel is distinguished by an expressive baguette frame, “revived” with the help of well-chosen lighting.
Gypsum baseboards
Ceiling, floor plinths made of gypsum hide the joints between the walls and the ceiling, wall and floor, visually aligning slightly curved surfaces. This decoration is often used in a classic style. Differences in humidity and temperature will not lead to structural damage, and in case of mechanical damage by foreign objects, the baseboard can be easily restored. This item is available in various lengths, widths, is relatively inexpensive, you can glue it on brick walls, covered with cement and others. Smooth or molded options are available.
It is desirable that the baseboard blend in color from one of the horizontal surfaces - so the room will look more spacious.
Volumetric frames of mirrors
A large or small mirror in a frame made of plaster can be the highlight of any interior. A baguette from such material is easily created with one's own hand. Operating procedure:
gypsum profiles with corner elements are cut into pieces of the required size;
the wall in the place where it was decided to mount the mirror in the frame is cleaned of wallpaper and primed;
the mirror sheet is glued to the wall with silicone mastic applied every four to five centimeters;
so that the structure does not slip, a stopper bar is nailed to the wall under the lower edge of the mirror;
gypsum profiles are glued with special putty, its excess is removed with a trowel;
so that all the edges are smooth, clean, they are wiped with a sponge dipped in water;
after drying the product, it is painted white, drawing some parts in different colors.
Fireplace decoration
High-quality decoration of the fireplace, its imitation in a city apartment, a private house, will create a feeling of warmth, coziness. The refractory properties of gypsum allow it to be used for a real hearth, as well as for electrical options - it also does not conduct current. The process of self-production of a fireplace consists of the production of a frame and the installation of gypsum stucco on it. Many people prefer to purchase ready-made portals, complementing them with friezes, moldings, pilasters, pediments.
A stucco fireplace made of gypsum does not weigh too much - it is not necessary to strengthen the floor ceilings under it.
Cornice decoration
Gypsum ceiling cornices - profiled products of various sections with or without volumetric ornaments. The design is attached to the screws, the attachment points are covered with plaster. This design looks luxurious and noble. Cornices for the ceiling originally mask small defects on the top of the walls, are decorated with gilding, bronze or left white, depending on the rest of the decoration. For interiors, loft, minimalism, hi-tech will suit the most smooth options without decor.
The larger the room, the higher its ceiling, the wider, massive, voluminous structures used.
Decorative columns, capitals
Capital - the top of the column, the element connecting the base of the supporting part and the upper abacus plate. The capital performs a supporting, decorative function. There are three types:
bell-shaped with stucco leaves, branches;
with two curls-volutes;
rounded, without unnecessary decor.
Columns, half-columns adorn the interior spaces, building facades, creating a real palace interior. They are performed in a strict, concise form or more elegant, thin, light, can have vertical furrows.
With the help of columns, zoning of large spaces, studio apartments is carried out, the shape of the room is adjusted.
Consoles
The name "console" means a support, an arm firmly fixed on one side, free on the other. This design supports cornices, ceiling beams, balconies, decorated with curls with anti-curls, masks, heraldic, plant elements. The console is easily mounted on any surface, used as part of a single ensemble of various stucco elements, painted in various "noble" colors, and looks quite status.
If the console is created as a support for other parts, a metal core is mounted in it.
Moldings for elegance, bulkiness of walls
Molding is a voluminous, embossed part up to 2-2.5 meters long. With it, the joints of the ceiling with the wall, the floor with the wall, as well as the design of mirrors, paintings, arches, doorways, fireplaces, frames, etc. are masked. They are available in two types: smooth rods made of gypsum, having a smooth profile of various sections and with relief patterns - plant, heraldic, fantasy. For bright rooms, moldings of dark colors are preferable, in rooms with low ceilings, excessively wide are unacceptable.
A room with a lot of stucco should not be overloaded with furniture, especially carved, voluminous.
Pilasters
Pilasters are called flat pillar columns, their high-quality imitation on the wall, in the arch. They are used as a continuation of the wall, as a zoning element in the middle, as well as for framing doors, windows. This design is perfect for creating a Gothic, Romanesque interior; it is used both indoors and outdoors. Unlike columns, pilasters do not require much free space, which allows them to be mounted even in relatively small apartments, houses, offices.
Pedestals
The pedestal is a beautifully designed pedestal on which a sculptural composition, an obelisk, a vase, a pot with a living plant are installed. In the form of a round or square section, it is a low column that can withstand a load of up to 50-60 kg. Gypsum table stands - table supports - look original. If the countertop is made removable, then the underframe can be used as a stand for various items of antique decor. The design can be used in rooms, on verandas, in adjoining territories, as a curbstone, support for a bench.
Stucco molding for framing outlets
Decorating the ceiling with rosettes is usually done around the central chandelier. Rosettes hide the place of attachment of the chandelier, they are made in a round, square, asymmetric configuration, decorated with geometric, floral, heraldic patterns. With the help of a correctly selected element, you can not only reliably hide all the wires, but also give the room an aristocratic look, creating an interesting accent. It is possible to fix the structure on any ceilings, but for suspended, suspended, drywall, first installation of embedded bars is required.
Gypsum lights, lighting system
Original gypsum lamps are used as a ceiling light or as a local illumination of various sections, the design is sometimes part of the wall, practically merging with it. They illuminate small rooms, paintings or wall panels, accent elements of the interior. Plaster lighting devices are:
spot - they are used as local illumination of various zones, are usually mounted by tapping into the ceiling of drywall, they look stylish, neat;
Ceiling - ideal for low rooms, being an unusual alternative to huge glass chandeliers;
wall - are attached to the wall, being the main or additional lighting, can be used instead of a night lamp, sconces, mirror lights, etc.
Such an original illumination is used in many interior styles: simple geometric shapes in minimalism, asymmetrical for futurism, textured, intricate for baroque. Lamps of various configurations are decorated with structural stucco mixtures, painted with paints manually, decorated with decoupage, left pure white. Often, whole gypsum lighting systems are mounted in the rooms - along the floor, ceiling, along the perimeter of arches, in a zigzag, ring-shaped form.
For different rooms, lighting fixtures of various shapes are suitable: for a bedroom - in the form of flowers, plants, for a children's room - depicting bears, dolls, bunnies, cars and more.
Arches
An arch is a connecting, usually arched, part between vertical supports, decorated with textured patterns and paintings. With this design, deaf, through apertures and galleries, door, balcony and window arches, garden, park ensembles, gates and fences are designed. Using arches, it is easy to combine several rooms into one - a kitchen with a living room, a bedroom with a loggia, an office with an insulated balcony. According to the shape of the opening, they are made:
rounded - classic;
curly - with a pointed top;
Gothic - arrow-shaped.
The gypsum structure is reinforced with metal, decorated with voluminous details, painted white, decorated with gilding, bronzing.
If there are several arches in one room, it is recommended to design them in the same style.
Gypsum pediments in the interior
The pediment is the front of the wall, the largest of all possible gypsum parts. This element decorates window, doorways, wall panels. In shape they are rectangular, square, trapezoidal, triangular, semicircular, stepped, with side cornices. The gables outside the building from above are limited by the roof, play not only a decorative role, but also protect the room from the cold, wind, roof rafters rest on them. The stucco patterns of this design are mythological plots, floral ornaments, geometric or heraldic patterns. The product goes well with other finishing materials.
Features of surface preparation, installation of gypsum elements
Unique products are molded by hand, simpler ones are cast into home-made or purchased forms. For the correct, high-quality design of the room with stucco details, structures, a number of special tools will be required, as well as compliance with certain rules:
gluing of gypsum decorations is carried out at the beginning of the repair, since when working with it a huge amount of dust is formed, which can settle on any surface;
Before installation, all work planes are carefully aligned, putty;
gypsum structures are perfectly attached to plastered, concrete walls, much worse - to wooden, so they are also pre-plastered;
walls, gypsum plasterboard ceilings should be previously strengthened, this is especially important when installing large decorative elements;
small parts are fastened with a mixture of PVA glue, gypsum and water, heavier ones with galvanized screws;
elements less than 40-60 centimeters long are easy to install alone, with large dimensions two people are required.
What you need to work:
box for sawing;
building level;
a simple pencil for marking;
saw with small teeth;
fine sand paper;
drill or drill with drills;
roulette;
brushes of various sizes;
spatulas;
PVA glue;
plastic bucket.
Installation process description:
First, it is necessary to inspect the work surface, if there is curvature, it should be leveled by applying a primer and then drying it. The flatter the wall or ceiling, the more beautiful the decor will lie there;
further marking is applied - distortions are possible without it, individual parts may not fit or may be smaller than necessary;
after you need to prepare the element - with the help of a hacksaw, notches are made on the back of the stucco. All excess protrusions need to be cut;
the surface is covered with an adhesive composition, slightly dried;
gypsum with PVA glue is bred in a bucket, in a ratio of 3: 2 or fugenfuller - the solution should come out of medium density;
the back of the pasted element is lubricated with the prepared mixture, slightly rubbed for better adhesion, pressed to the surface for five to seven minutes;
large parts with significant weight are fixed with dowels, screws, screws, pre-drilled holes at a distance of 18-25 centimeters from each other. The attachment points are carefully covered with a plaster mixture, polished;
excess solution is carefully removed with a spatula, knife;
after a day, the stucco is stained with white or any other paint.
When using a home-made, just-made decor, you should handle it as carefully as possible - a “fresh” product is characterized by increased fragility.
Conclusion
You can decorate the interior and facade of the building with the help of gypsum decorations by yourself or choose from the catalog of a company engaged in the sale of such products. Most of these elements are completely universal - they are easily mounted on all types of walls, ceilings, building facades.Self-installation of stucco molding, in the presence of a certain skill, artistic taste, will also not be difficult, otherwise professional finishers who can paste the necessary elements in the best possible way will come to the rescue. Before buying certain decorative details, it is advisable to draw up a project, determine the style of the interior, and calculate the required amount of material.
In a well-designed interior, every detail matters. A harmonious appearance is created using many different elements, including a plaster decor. Plaster skirtings for ceilings, sockets, mirror frames, fireplace portals, moldings, pediments, pilasters, consoles, fountains, attics are made of plaster or its imitation. This design is suitable for the decoration of many luxurious, stylish, expensive interiors of apartments, private houses, concert halls, office buildings.
Content
About gypsum: advantages, disadvantages
Gypsum - refers to sedimentary minerals, distributed almost everywhere. This is one of the oldest, most popular building materials. It is a powdery grayish-white composition obtained by firing natural gypsum stone. A few centuries ago, they adorned only palaces, the homes of wealthy citizens, but today this material is available to everyone. It has its pros and cons.
Benefits:
Disadvantages:
Plaster decoration masks defects in ceilings and walls, hides some irregularities in window slopes, and adorns the façade, the hallmark of any home.
Plaster decor in different styles.
Plaster decor is used in many interior styles:
The stucco elements are used in different ways: the original panel in the Art Nouveau style will decorate the space of the living room, bedrooms, classicism - arches, portals, wide cornices. 3D panels are suitable for a modern style, heavy gilded cornices, columns will become a decoration for baroque, empire, mythological subjects will be part of the rococo decor. Strict details in the form of tiles, bricks, simple geometric shapes, complement the interiors of the loft, high-tech.
Ways to use gypsum decor
Gypsum is well compatible with the vast majority of building and decoration materials. Original products from it will perfectly decorate any space. It is important not to overload the interior - openwork stucco molding, which has many elements, is combined with plain wallpaper, decorative plasters, simple geometric shapes - with more intricate patterns. With the help of this design it is easy to hide minor imperfections of walls, ceilings, emphasize advantages, adjust the shape of the room, and make zoning. Stucco details are painted in all kinds of colors, manually decorated with art paintings, decorated “wood”, “gold”, “bronze”, “stone” and other expensive materials.
From gypsum are made:
Volumetric panels
Volumetric paintings adorn the rooms of apartments in the metropolis, country mansions, halls of industrial buildings, exhibition halls. This material is very practical, and a beautifully made with your own hands composition can completely transform any room. The theme should correspond to the purpose, the interior of the room. Still-lifes are preferable for the kitchen, calm landscapes in the bedroom, portraits, flowers, abstractions for the living room, fairy-tale, cartoon characters in the nursery.
How it's done:
Gypsum baseboards
Ceiling, floor plinths made of gypsum hide the joints between the walls and the ceiling, wall and floor, visually aligning slightly curved surfaces. This decoration is often used in a classic style. Differences in humidity and temperature will not lead to structural damage, and in case of mechanical damage by foreign objects, the baseboard can be easily restored. This item is available in various lengths, widths, is relatively inexpensive, you can glue it on brick walls, covered with cement and others. Smooth or molded options are available.
Volumetric frames of mirrors
A large or small mirror in a frame made of plaster can be the highlight of any interior. A baguette from such material is easily created with one's own hand.
Operating procedure:
Fireplace decoration
High-quality decoration of the fireplace, its imitation in a city apartment, a private house, will create a feeling of warmth, coziness. The refractory properties of gypsum allow it to be used for a real hearth, as well as for electrical options - it also does not conduct current. The process of self-production of a fireplace consists of the production of a frame and the installation of gypsum stucco on it. Many people prefer to purchase ready-made portals, complementing them with friezes, moldings, pilasters, pediments.
Cornice decoration
Gypsum ceiling cornices - profiled products of various sections with or without volumetric ornaments. The design is attached to the screws, the attachment points are covered with plaster. This design looks luxurious and noble. Cornices for the ceiling originally mask small defects on the top of the walls, are decorated with gilding, bronze or left white, depending on the rest of the decoration. For interiors, loft, minimalism, hi-tech will suit the most smooth options without decor.
Decorative columns, capitals
Capital - the top of the column, the element connecting the base of the supporting part and the upper abacus plate. The capital performs a supporting, decorative function.
There are three types:
Columns, half-columns adorn the interior spaces, building facades, creating a real palace interior. They are performed in a strict, concise form or more elegant, thin, light, can have vertical furrows.
Consoles
The name "console" means a support, an arm firmly fixed on one side, free on the other. This design supports cornices, ceiling beams, balconies, decorated with curls with anti-curls, masks, heraldic, plant elements. The console is easily mounted on any surface, used as part of a single ensemble of various stucco elements, painted in various "noble" colors, and looks quite status.
Moldings for elegance, bulkiness of walls
Molding is a voluminous, embossed part up to 2-2.5 meters long. With it, the joints of the ceiling with the wall, the floor with the wall, as well as the design of mirrors, paintings, arches, doorways, fireplaces, frames, etc. are masked. They are available in two types: smooth rods made of gypsum, having a smooth profile of various sections and with relief patterns - plant, heraldic, fantasy. For bright rooms, moldings of dark colors are preferable, in rooms with low ceilings, excessively wide are unacceptable.
Pilasters
Pilasters are called flat pillar columns, their high-quality imitation on the wall, in the arch. They are used as a continuation of the wall, as a zoning element in the middle, as well as for framing doors, windows. This design is perfect for creating a Gothic, Romanesque interior; it is used both indoors and outdoors. Unlike columns, pilasters do not require much free space, which allows them to be mounted even in relatively small apartments, houses, offices.
Pedestals
The pedestal is a beautifully designed pedestal on which a sculptural composition, an obelisk, a vase, a pot with a living plant are installed. In the form of a round or square section, it is a low column that can withstand a load of up to 50-60 kg. Gypsum table stands - table supports - look original. If the countertop is made removable, then the underframe can be used as a stand for various items of antique decor. The design can be used in rooms, on verandas, in adjoining territories, as a curbstone, support for a bench.
Stucco molding for framing outlets
Decorating the ceiling with rosettes is usually done around the central chandelier. Rosettes hide the place of attachment of the chandelier, they are made in a round, square, asymmetric configuration, decorated with geometric, floral, heraldic patterns. With the help of a correctly selected element, you can not only reliably hide all the wires, but also give the room an aristocratic look, creating an interesting accent. It is possible to fix the structure on any ceilings, but for suspended, suspended, drywall, first installation of embedded bars is required.
Gypsum lights, lighting system
Original gypsum lamps are used as a ceiling light or as a local illumination of various sections, the design is sometimes part of the wall, practically merging with it. They illuminate small rooms, paintings or wall panels, accent elements of the interior.
Plaster lighting devices are:
Such an original illumination is used in many interior styles: simple geometric shapes in minimalism, asymmetrical for futurism, textured, intricate for baroque. Lamps of various configurations are decorated with structural stucco mixtures, painted with paints manually, decorated with decoupage, left pure white. Often, whole gypsum lighting systems are mounted in the rooms - along the floor, ceiling, along the perimeter of arches, in a zigzag, ring-shaped form.
Arches
An arch is a connecting, usually arched, part between vertical supports, decorated with textured patterns and paintings. With this design, deaf, through apertures and galleries, door, balcony and window arches, garden, park ensembles, gates and fences are designed. Using arches, it is easy to combine several rooms into one - a kitchen with a living room, a bedroom with a loggia, an office with an insulated balcony.
According to the shape of the opening, they are made:
The gypsum structure is reinforced with metal, decorated with voluminous details, painted white, decorated with gilding, bronzing.
Gypsum pediments in the interior
The pediment is the front of the wall, the largest of all possible gypsum parts. This element decorates window, doorways, wall panels. In shape they are rectangular, square, trapezoidal, triangular, semicircular, stepped, with side cornices. The gables outside the building from above are limited by the roof, play not only a decorative role, but also protect the room from the cold, wind, roof rafters rest on them. The stucco patterns of this design are mythological plots, floral ornaments, geometric or heraldic patterns. The product goes well with other finishing materials.
Features of surface preparation, installation of gypsum elements
Unique products are molded by hand, simpler ones are cast into home-made or purchased forms. For the correct, high-quality design of the room with stucco details, structures, a number of special tools will be required, as well as compliance with certain rules:
What you need to work:
Installation process description:
Conclusion
You can decorate the interior and facade of the building with the help of gypsum decorations by yourself or choose from the catalog of a company engaged in the sale of such products. Most of these elements are completely universal - they are easily mounted on all types of walls, ceilings, building facades.Self-installation of stucco molding, in the presence of a certain skill, artistic taste, will also not be difficult, otherwise professional finishers who can paste the necessary elements in the best possible way will come to the rescue. Before buying certain decorative details, it is advisable to draw up a project, determine the style of the interior, and calculate the required amount of material.