Facing materials have always been in great demand. One of their varieties is lining. It has established itself as a high-quality product with many positive properties. There is a wide variety of profiles on the market, which allows you to create various textures and attach panels anywhere. Almost any tree species can be used as primary raw material. Lining has become a familiar material for decorating steam rooms, but it can also be found in expensive private homes. The styling pattern is selected individually. It can be horizontal, vertical, diagonal, combined. Nowadays, complex configurations are popular. Eurolining has a good reputation. She has a more accurate look and improved properties. If you have basic knowledge, the cladding of the lining can be done on its own.
Initially, the lining was used to decorate the salons of trains. Even then, people drew attention to its ability to mitigate differences in humidity and temperature. She quickly fastened with profiled joints - this is another plus. Then the lining was improved: the shape and grooves changed, the design characteristics improved. Decorating a modern clapboard has many advantages. First of all, it is convenience and installation speed thanks to the tongue-and-groove system. Another advantage is environmental friendliness. And one of the main advantages can be considered a low price with a fairly presentable appearance. Clapboard decoration has several negative sides. The material can be spoiled by parasites. Rotting also causes a deterioration in the appearance of the lining. Another tree absorbs a lot of moisture and heat, and because of this it spoils. However, by doing so, it improves indoor air.
Types of lining
An ordinary lining is characterized by the following dimensions: thickness - 1.2-2.5 cm, width - up to 15 cm and length - up to 6 m (basically this was the case in old GOSTs). A standard lining has a smaller spike - 4–6 mm, while 8–9 have a euro lining. Humidity of ordinary material is 8-12%, 25-35%, of the European version - up to 12%. The old type of lining is made of natural moisture material. Eurolining - a high-quality covering board for external and internal wall decoration. It conceals imperfections well and is able to level surfaces. In addition, it performs sound and heat insulating functions. Eurolining has certain fixed parameters. Thickness is 1.3, 1.6 and 1.9 cm.The width is 8, 10, 11 or 12 cm. The maximum length of the board is 6 meters, but this figure depends on the manufacturer and varies greatly in different cases.
Species of wood from which the eurolining is made:
oak;
Linden;
Pine;
spruce;
aspen.
Types of lining profiles
In the decoration, diversity is important, so manufacturers produce different variations and modifications of the lining. The traditional lining after installation forms distinct seams. If there is a rounded chamfer on this type of lining, then this is Softline. Its outer part is devoid of corners, which allows you to save wood from burrs and chips for a long time. Softline is well suited for saunas. Lining “Calm” does not have a chamfer near the spike, and, as a result, there will be no pronounced seams after assembly. The thickness reaches 2.5 cm, so it can be used to design facades. "Landhouse" - a lining with a complex rounded shape at the edges. Finishing with this coating will make the interior more “expensive”. Another interesting option is the “Blockhouse”, the feature of which is a rounded front side. This material can be used to finish surfaces inside log houses and facades.
A few more types of lining:
"American". Has a sloping surface. Elements are overlapped.
Bilateral. Both sides are front. It is used not only for wall decoration, but also for the construction of partitions.
A kind of lining from wood
Lining is made from coniferous, deciduous trees, as well as from exotic species (for example, from mahogany). Among conifers it is worth highlighting spruce, pine, larch and cedar. Spruce is endowed with softness, which is important for the manufacture of boards with rounded shapes. This material looks great in a modern interior. Lining from pine - a budget option, which has many important qualities, including high strength. Larch is one of the most expensive conifers.Cedar boards have a pleasant natural smell that has a beneficial effect on the body. Among the deciduous species, the most popular are oak, alder and linden. Oak wood is a durable and sought-after material. Lining from this tree is considered a classic option. Alder is suitable for use in damp areas, as it does not absorb moisture. Linden is very resistant to deformation and mechanical damage. Lining from it is relatively inexpensive.
Lining grade
There are 4 varieties:
Extra;
Class A;
Class B;
Class C.
Boards are sorted depending on the presence of resin pockets, pronounced blueness, knots, cracks, uneasy (poorly processed places). Extra grade is characterized by the complete absence of uneasy or minor defects on the front side. On one running meter there can be one light knot. Class A permits the presence of microcracks and small untreated areas. On the longitudinal ends, cracks no longer than the width of the board are permissible. Profiles from the core should be no more than a fifth of all boards. On one running meter, 3 knots are acceptable. As for class B, on one such board the presence of 2 drop-out knots is allowed. On the front side cracks up to 3 cm are allowed, on the front and back - any size. All panels can be made from the core, while having resin pockets. Class C includes all boards that are not in the categories from extra to class B, but which are suitable for use. Rotting is not allowed.
Where to apply
Clapboard decoration is often used in steam rooms and other rooms of bathhouses. In this case, choose panels from linden and alder (for parylene) and conifers (for other places). These varieties of wood are endowed with healing properties, thanks to substances that are released when heated. In steam rooms, you can not use boards with knots, since the corresponding areas are more heated.For a good flavor, it is recommended to install several coniferous boards in the area of the furnace. The lining treated with protective compounds is suitable for cladding facades; the type of wood in this regard is not of particular importance. Interior decoration is a difficult task, you need panels in a uniform color scheme. Mahogany lining is used for wall cladding in expensive mansions. Partitions are also made of panels for dividing the space: both in apartments and in the open area.
Sheathing Schemes
There are two ways - using an external mount and a hidden one. With the external method, the boards need to be fixed with fasteners. In the second case, the panels are attached to the crate from the side of the groove, where there is a joint with a spike. Appearance with this option will turn out more aesthetic. The lining can be mounted vertically, horizontally and, if necessary, in a non-standard way. When laying panels horizontally, the tines must be guided from the lower element to the upper one, and not vice versa. When sheathing a log wall, staples and nails for them and crates are used. To sheathe a clapboard room with even walls, you need to use bars. They are placed at a distance of not more than 50 cm between adjacent elements and perpendicular to the panels. Sheathing is framed by decorative skirting boards and fillets.
Basic mounting methods:
nails
wood screws;
staples;
Kleimers.
How to do it yourself
You will need to perform the following stages of work:
Prepare the lining.
Bring to readiness of the wall.
Collect the crate.
Attach the lining to the trellis frame.
Finish the floor with skirting boards and, if necessary, other elements.
The panels are processed first. Depending on the application, any class of lining can be processed. It is always necessary to prepare the surface of Class C products. The same applies to do-it-yourself lining.The preparation of the walls consists in their leveling and marking under the crate. Leveling is not necessary, other manipulations can be done instead. The crucial moment is the installation of the crate. The beam itself and the distance between the elements are selected. The configuration is completely dependent on the planned method of laying the lining. Different approaches are used to fix the panels. The main thing in the work is caution, because inaccurate clogging of the fastener can lead to serious defects on the material. When the cladding is ready, installation of skirting boards and finishing begins.
How to prepare a lining
If necessary, the panels are treated with fine-grained sandpaper to eliminate roughness. Further processing begins with cleaning the surface of the material. If you plan to apply wax or varnish to the lining, a stain is previously used. It will allow for a long time to preserve the color of wood. Stain is of 3 types: oil, alcohol and water based. Antiseptics will protect the tree from moisture and mold. If the installation site is a bathhouse, waxing is required. It is applied in a small amount, in the direction of the fibers. This procedure must be repeated several times. Then the products are polished. Among other things, the color of the boards will become deeper. On sale there is a large selection of wax impregnations, which are also suitable for preparing lining. The last stage is the application of varnish. It will take at least 2 layers. Before installation, the material must be perfectly dry.
Grease stains can be removed with a 25% acetone solution.
Wall preparation
On the wall you will need to make markings for the crate. This action is done with a pencil and level. With the configuration of the casing and the direction in which the lining will be located, they are determined in advance. The bars are always placed perpendicularly.If everything is already decided about this nuance, you can start treating the walls with antifungal agents and paint the surfaces. In which case, the pencil is replaced by chalk. The width of the step of the crate is selected depending on the goals. For strength, it is advisable to make it as small as possible. Typically, this figure is in the range of 35-60 cm. If the room is planned to be insulated in the future, the step is determined based on the size of the insulation material and should be slightly less than it. For the frame structure to be even, you will need to use a plumb line and fishing line. A visualization is created along the edges of which the bars are then placed.
We create a crate for fasteners
This is one of the most important stages, which has a significant impact on the final result. Only sometimes the lining is attached immediately to the wooden walls, in other situations - the crate is needed. At the very beginning we select a bar. For this crate, a bar with a section of 40 × 20 mm is the best option. The frame is installed at one level. If necessary, we align each individual wall. You can go another way - to determine the most protruding place on the wall. Then a small piece of timber is placed there and a crate is mounted from it. From this point, a thread is drawn parallel to the planned direction of laying the panels. At the extreme points of the wall, 2 load-bearing beams are laid. If necessary, we install gaskets between the wall and the bar. If a row of lining will be mounted from 2 boards, one more bar is needed at the junction.
Other important nuances:
when fixing the structure, you need to check the level;
in the presence of door or window openings, the bars are necessarily attached to and around them;
the installation of the lathing on the ceiling is carried out in the same way as on the walls.
Fixation methods
Fasten the lining with stapler staples, kleimers or fasteners (screws, nails).During installation, care must be taken to avoid splitting of wood and cracking. The complete entry of the nail head into the material and the accuracy of the work are ensured with the help of a miller. When installing in a hidden way, the panels are nailed to the frame at the junction of the ridge with the groove. The simplest and easiest method of assembly is fastening with small nails in any place, but it is better to prefer a neat method, which involves driving nails into grooves to hide the connection. The highest quality fastening is provided by metal clamps. They come in different sizes, shapes and are calculated for a certain thickness of the board. Fasteners are connected to the crate with one side and cut into the grooves with the other.
Fixing the lining on the ceiling requires careful action, so it is better to do this together with a specialist!
The process of securing the lining
With the correct installation of the lathing, the installation process of the lining will take place without complications. When attaching the first panel, you may need a level. The first question before installation is which side to start laying the boards on. You can determine the answer by finding out how smooth the surface is. If it corresponds to the level, then you can start laying from any side: from above, from below, to the right, to the left, from the corner. The first board is then placed in level. If the surface is slightly “littered”, or some corner has an unevenness - you can’t install boards like that. Otherwise, they visually emphasize the curvature. Lining will need to be assembled in another way. The first board is fastened right up to the corner, the rest - with a slight tilt in the right direction. Sooner or later, some panel will rise in level. All boards "heap up" to the same extent. The first should be placed with a spike to the corner.
Rules for installing the plinth on the wall with lining
For an aesthetic look, sheathed walls are decorated with floor and ceiling skirting boards. Sometimes they need to be mounted on the wall (corner).When decorating corners, they are guided by the following rules: if there is an adjacent unshielded wall, then the plinth is installed on it, and when placed between two sheathed ones, it should be fastened to a shorter one. These measures should not impede thermal deformation and drying out of surfaces exposed to them to the greatest extent. If the wall is decorated with a lining, then fixing the skirting boards is done with the help of finishing nails. From clogging through the body, a narrow hat goes into the array. These locations are then waxed. If the surface is not flat (for example, log), it is not always possible to nail a regular skirting board. Gaps may remain. It is likely that in the corners of the skirting boards do not converge at all. Instead, flat platbands can be used. They fit tightly on the wall, and you can make them yourself, including from the lining.
Ways to decorate
If the installation is a secret method, it is recommended to use decorative fasteners. Accurate fixation and decoration of the nail in the wood will provide a dumper. You can decorate the angle between the boards with the help of a processed beam - so there will be no gaps in the opening. If the natural color of the tree does not fit into the interior, does not add any color, then the lining is covered with paint. Better one tone with the decor or in white. The nail caps that hold the starter board are covered with decorative corners. If there are no decorative slats, then the tops of the fasteners are removed by side cutters. All joints, internal and external corners must be closed. For decoration, the lower and ceiling skirtings are also used. The interior can be radically changed by installing false beams on top of the lining.
Conclusion
Lining - the demanded finishing material. It differs by metrological standards, profile, wood species and variety. The lining of the lining has an attractive appearance and useful properties.This material is used in baths / saunas, apartments, houses, on balconies, land, in transport. The mounting scheme is external and secret. The second option is more aesthetic. Sheathing can be done independently. First of all, preparatory work is carried out - boards are processed, markings are drawn on walls and ceilings. The panels are varnished, coated with impregnation and wax, painted, and in some situations, minimal surface treatment is enough. The next thing is mounted crate. The panels are attached to it using special tools. Installation technology differs depending on the correct shape of the surfaces and angles.
Facing materials have always been in great demand. One of their varieties is lining. It has established itself as a high-quality product with many positive properties. There is a wide variety of profiles on the market, which allows you to create various textures and attach panels anywhere. Almost any tree species can be used as primary raw material. Lining has become a familiar material for decorating steam rooms, but it can also be found in expensive private homes. The styling pattern is selected individually. It can be horizontal, vertical, diagonal, combined. Nowadays, complex configurations are popular. Eurolining has a good reputation. She has a more accurate look and improved properties. If you have basic knowledge, the cladding of the lining can be done on its own.
Content
Advantages and disadvantages of finishing
Initially, the lining was used to decorate the salons of trains. Even then, people drew attention to its ability to mitigate differences in humidity and temperature. She quickly fastened with profiled joints - this is another plus. Then the lining was improved: the shape and grooves changed, the design characteristics improved. Decorating a modern clapboard has many advantages. First of all, it is convenience and installation speed thanks to the tongue-and-groove system. Another advantage is environmental friendliness. And one of the main advantages can be considered a low price with a fairly presentable appearance. Clapboard decoration has several negative sides. The material can be spoiled by parasites. Rotting also causes a deterioration in the appearance of the lining. Another tree absorbs a lot of moisture and heat, and because of this it spoils. However, by doing so, it improves indoor air.
Types of lining
An ordinary lining is characterized by the following dimensions: thickness - 1.2-2.5 cm, width - up to 15 cm and length - up to 6 m (basically this was the case in old GOSTs). A standard lining has a smaller spike - 4–6 mm, while 8–9 have a euro lining. Humidity of ordinary material is 8-12%, 25-35%, of the European version - up to 12%. The old type of lining is made of natural moisture material. Eurolining - a high-quality covering board for external and internal wall decoration. It conceals imperfections well and is able to level surfaces. In addition, it performs sound and heat insulating functions. Eurolining has certain fixed parameters. Thickness is 1.3, 1.6 and 1.9 cm.The width is 8, 10, 11 or 12 cm. The maximum length of the board is 6 meters, but this figure depends on the manufacturer and varies greatly in different cases.
Species of wood from which the eurolining is made:
Types of lining profiles
In the decoration, diversity is important, so manufacturers produce different variations and modifications of the lining. The traditional lining after installation forms distinct seams. If there is a rounded chamfer on this type of lining, then this is Softline. Its outer part is devoid of corners, which allows you to save wood from burrs and chips for a long time. Softline is well suited for saunas. Lining “Calm” does not have a chamfer near the spike, and, as a result, there will be no pronounced seams after assembly. The thickness reaches 2.5 cm, so it can be used to design facades. "Landhouse" - a lining with a complex rounded shape at the edges. Finishing with this coating will make the interior more “expensive”. Another interesting option is the “Blockhouse”, the feature of which is a rounded front side. This material can be used to finish surfaces inside log houses and facades.
A few more types of lining:
A kind of lining from wood
Lining is made from coniferous, deciduous trees, as well as from exotic species (for example, from mahogany). Among conifers it is worth highlighting spruce, pine, larch and cedar. Spruce is endowed with softness, which is important for the manufacture of boards with rounded shapes. This material looks great in a modern interior. Lining from pine - a budget option, which has many important qualities, including high strength. Larch is one of the most expensive conifers.Cedar boards have a pleasant natural smell that has a beneficial effect on the body. Among the deciduous species, the most popular are oak, alder and linden. Oak wood is a durable and sought-after material. Lining from this tree is considered a classic option. Alder is suitable for use in damp areas, as it does not absorb moisture. Linden is very resistant to deformation and mechanical damage. Lining from it is relatively inexpensive.
Lining grade
There are 4 varieties:
Boards are sorted depending on the presence of resin pockets, pronounced blueness, knots, cracks, uneasy (poorly processed places). Extra grade is characterized by the complete absence of uneasy or minor defects on the front side. On one running meter there can be one light knot. Class A permits the presence of microcracks and small untreated areas. On the longitudinal ends, cracks no longer than the width of the board are permissible. Profiles from the core should be no more than a fifth of all boards. On one running meter, 3 knots are acceptable. As for class B, on one such board the presence of 2 drop-out knots is allowed. On the front side cracks up to 3 cm are allowed, on the front and back - any size. All panels can be made from the core, while having resin pockets. Class C includes all boards that are not in the categories from extra to class B, but which are suitable for use. Rotting is not allowed.
Where to apply
Clapboard decoration is often used in steam rooms and other rooms of bathhouses. In this case, choose panels from linden and alder (for parylene) and conifers (for other places). These varieties of wood are endowed with healing properties, thanks to substances that are released when heated. In steam rooms, you can not use boards with knots, since the corresponding areas are more heated.For a good flavor, it is recommended to install several coniferous boards in the area of the furnace. The lining treated with protective compounds is suitable for cladding facades; the type of wood in this regard is not of particular importance. Interior decoration is a difficult task, you need panels in a uniform color scheme. Mahogany lining is used for wall cladding in expensive mansions. Partitions are also made of panels for dividing the space: both in apartments and in the open area.
Sheathing Schemes
There are two ways - using an external mount and a hidden one. With the external method, the boards need to be fixed with fasteners. In the second case, the panels are attached to the crate from the side of the groove, where there is a joint with a spike. Appearance with this option will turn out more aesthetic. The lining can be mounted vertically, horizontally and, if necessary, in a non-standard way. When laying panels horizontally, the tines must be guided from the lower element to the upper one, and not vice versa. When sheathing a log wall, staples and nails for them and crates are used. To sheathe a clapboard room with even walls, you need to use bars. They are placed at a distance of not more than 50 cm between adjacent elements and perpendicular to the panels. Sheathing is framed by decorative skirting boards and fillets.
Basic mounting methods:
How to do it yourself
You will need to perform the following stages of work:
The panels are processed first. Depending on the application, any class of lining can be processed. It is always necessary to prepare the surface of Class C products. The same applies to do-it-yourself lining.The preparation of the walls consists in their leveling and marking under the crate. Leveling is not necessary, other manipulations can be done instead. The crucial moment is the installation of the crate. The beam itself and the distance between the elements are selected. The configuration is completely dependent on the planned method of laying the lining. Different approaches are used to fix the panels. The main thing in the work is caution, because inaccurate clogging of the fastener can lead to serious defects on the material. When the cladding is ready, installation of skirting boards and finishing begins.
How to prepare a lining
If necessary, the panels are treated with fine-grained sandpaper to eliminate roughness. Further processing begins with cleaning the surface of the material. If you plan to apply wax or varnish to the lining, a stain is previously used. It will allow for a long time to preserve the color of wood. Stain is of 3 types: oil, alcohol and water based. Antiseptics will protect the tree from moisture and mold. If the installation site is a bathhouse, waxing is required. It is applied in a small amount, in the direction of the fibers. This procedure must be repeated several times. Then the products are polished. Among other things, the color of the boards will become deeper. On sale there is a large selection of wax impregnations, which are also suitable for preparing lining. The last stage is the application of varnish. It will take at least 2 layers. Before installation, the material must be perfectly dry.
Wall preparation
On the wall you will need to make markings for the crate. This action is done with a pencil and level. With the configuration of the casing and the direction in which the lining will be located, they are determined in advance. The bars are always placed perpendicularly.If everything is already decided about this nuance, you can start treating the walls with antifungal agents and paint the surfaces. In which case, the pencil is replaced by chalk. The width of the step of the crate is selected depending on the goals. For strength, it is advisable to make it as small as possible. Typically, this figure is in the range of 35-60 cm. If the room is planned to be insulated in the future, the step is determined based on the size of the insulation material and should be slightly less than it. For the frame structure to be even, you will need to use a plumb line and fishing line. A visualization is created along the edges of which the bars are then placed.
We create a crate for fasteners
This is one of the most important stages, which has a significant impact on the final result. Only sometimes the lining is attached immediately to the wooden walls, in other situations - the crate is needed. At the very beginning we select a bar. For this crate, a bar with a section of 40 × 20 mm is the best option. The frame is installed at one level. If necessary, we align each individual wall. You can go another way - to determine the most protruding place on the wall. Then a small piece of timber is placed there and a crate is mounted from it. From this point, a thread is drawn parallel to the planned direction of laying the panels. At the extreme points of the wall, 2 load-bearing beams are laid. If necessary, we install gaskets between the wall and the bar. If a row of lining will be mounted from 2 boards, one more bar is needed at the junction.
Other important nuances:
Fixation methods
Fasten the lining with stapler staples, kleimers or fasteners (screws, nails).During installation, care must be taken to avoid splitting of wood and cracking. The complete entry of the nail head into the material and the accuracy of the work are ensured with the help of a miller. When installing in a hidden way, the panels are nailed to the frame at the junction of the ridge with the groove. The simplest and easiest method of assembly is fastening with small nails in any place, but it is better to prefer a neat method, which involves driving nails into grooves to hide the connection. The highest quality fastening is provided by metal clamps. They come in different sizes, shapes and are calculated for a certain thickness of the board. Fasteners are connected to the crate with one side and cut into the grooves with the other.
The process of securing the lining
With the correct installation of the lathing, the installation process of the lining will take place without complications. When attaching the first panel, you may need a level. The first question before installation is which side to start laying the boards on. You can determine the answer by finding out how smooth the surface is. If it corresponds to the level, then you can start laying from any side: from above, from below, to the right, to the left, from the corner. The first board is then placed in level. If the surface is slightly “littered”, or some corner has an unevenness - you can’t install boards like that. Otherwise, they visually emphasize the curvature. Lining will need to be assembled in another way. The first board is fastened right up to the corner, the rest - with a slight tilt in the right direction. Sooner or later, some panel will rise in level. All boards "heap up" to the same extent. The first should be placed with a spike to the corner.
Rules for installing the plinth on the wall with lining
For an aesthetic look, sheathed walls are decorated with floor and ceiling skirting boards. Sometimes they need to be mounted on the wall (corner).When decorating corners, they are guided by the following rules: if there is an adjacent unshielded wall, then the plinth is installed on it, and when placed between two sheathed ones, it should be fastened to a shorter one. These measures should not impede thermal deformation and drying out of surfaces exposed to them to the greatest extent. If the wall is decorated with a lining, then fixing the skirting boards is done with the help of finishing nails. From clogging through the body, a narrow hat goes into the array. These locations are then waxed. If the surface is not flat (for example, log), it is not always possible to nail a regular skirting board. Gaps may remain. It is likely that in the corners of the skirting boards do not converge at all. Instead, flat platbands can be used. They fit tightly on the wall, and you can make them yourself, including from the lining.
Ways to decorate
If the installation is a secret method, it is recommended to use decorative fasteners. Accurate fixation and decoration of the nail in the wood will provide a dumper. You can decorate the angle between the boards with the help of a processed beam - so there will be no gaps in the opening. If the natural color of the tree does not fit into the interior, does not add any color, then the lining is covered with paint. Better one tone with the decor or in white. The nail caps that hold the starter board are covered with decorative corners. If there are no decorative slats, then the tops of the fasteners are removed by side cutters. All joints, internal and external corners must be closed. For decoration, the lower and ceiling skirtings are also used. The interior can be radically changed by installing false beams on top of the lining.
Conclusion
Lining - the demanded finishing material. It differs by metrological standards, profile, wood species and variety. The lining of the lining has an attractive appearance and useful properties.This material is used in baths / saunas, apartments, houses, on balconies, land, in transport. The mounting scheme is external and secret. The second option is more aesthetic. Sheathing can be done independently. First of all, preparatory work is carried out - boards are processed, markings are drawn on walls and ceilings. The panels are varnished, coated with impregnation and wax, painted, and in some situations, minimal surface treatment is enough. The next thing is mounted crate. The panels are attached to it using special tools. Installation technology differs depending on the correct shape of the surfaces and angles.