Facade plaster for outdoor use: types and application technology
External design - the face of the building and its "visiting card". In total there are about five types of coatings, which are more or less massively used for facade decoration. In large cities, whole ensembles of houses are faced in the same way to maintain harmony. There are a lot of tiles near the historical centers of megalopolises, but decorative plastering is suitable for remodelers and expensive establishments of industrial centers. Conventional mixtures are laid almost everywhere, and in this regard, climate restrictions and wall features are important. Simple plaster will transform a pleasant shade and inclusion under textured elements. Consumers are also available with special options with enhanced protective capabilities. Exterior stucco is sold at many retail outlets. There can be several of them on one square kilometer, so there is an option for any budget.
Plaster for finishing facades is used to protect against moisture and noise. At the same time, materials are required to be decorative. Powders are made from the main composite material, additives, binders and fractions. At the same time, the most presentable options are with stone, some varieties of bark beetle and acrylic plaster are suitable for internal use. Plaster usually has at least some texture. At the same time, in our time, we adhere to the following approach: a smooth coating for ordinary buildings and uniform for expensive facades. The very definition of "plaster" can now be arbitrarily replaced with "finishing for exterior work." For the material, the transmittance property is important. Plaster should not allow moisture and noise from the outside and heat from the inside, and, on the contrary, allow steam to pass through the walls.
Advantages and disadvantages
Plaster protects the interior of the building from adverse environmental factors and decorates the walls - this is its main purpose and at the same time a plus. Putty provides savings compared to tiles, panels and other options for wall cladding. In addition, the application scheme is simple in terms of performing individual steps. You do not need to repeat the cycle several times, starting all over again. Thanks to this feature, efforts can be directed towards creation: the formation of patterns and relief. At one time, application methods were developed, and now they continue to develop. Despite the benefits of wall insulation, the plaster has some minor disadvantages.Dismantling will cost a lot of effort and time. The surface for some types of mixtures will need to be pre-cleaned of dirt, and for large areas it is difficult.
Kinds
Plaster can be cement, silicate, acrylic, silicone, mineral, terrazite, cork and other types. They to one degree or another differ in external characteristics, decorativeness, price and performance indicators. Manufacturers rarely succeed in combining all the advantages in one version, all the more, keeping its price at the level of the average indicator for the market. The scope requires materials to be resistant to thermal and chemical effects, as well as the ability to pass steam and moisture resistance. Conventional plaster should primarily protect the building from moisture. Above or instead of the usual mixture, decorative varieties are often used. Special options perform a screening function. Provide reliable protection against physical and chemical factors. The composition of decorative mixtures is often added special.
Cement
So called several varieties. The market is dominated by cement-lime and cement-sand options. It is the fillers that determine the basic properties of raw materials and, accordingly, the scope. Options with sand are cheaper, and more expensive putty with lime is used in rooms with high humidity. The second option will cost more, even if you prepare the putty yourself. Each of the materials is saturated with sand and lime, so that the mixture, in fact, differ in the proportion of the main components. According to their purpose, they distinguish decorative, leveling (ordinary) and special ones. The latter type is associated with the creation of warm plasters, as well as coatings with enhanced resistance to external factors. Cement plaster has decent indicators of vapor impermeability, heat resistance and chemical resistance.
Silicate
The binding function in the mixture is liquid potassium glass. The base is composed of minerals. As a result of mixing the components receive raw materials with high moisture permeability. At the same time, the combination cannot provide a normal level of elasticity. Shrinkage of the building will lead to cracking. From a light earthquake, the facing layer will begin to fall off. Silicate plaster is useful for decorating facades on busy roads and motorways, but only in flat areas. Special care for the coating will not be needed, and this despite the fact that the solution fits perfectly on the texture of any complexity - like cellular walls and decorative options. It is best to combine shell rock with the material. Finished raw materials are produced in a wide range of shades. Silicate putty is convenient to use, but applying on top of another layer of plaster will lead to cracks.
Acrylic
It is applied only on a smooth surface or leveling layer. Acrylic plaster is laid in a thin layer to provide the main advantage of the material - high elasticity. Moreover, even a small layer of acrylic solution will be resistant to mechanical wear of varying degrees. The integrity of the cladding will remain after a small shrinkage. At the same time, acrylic putty belongs to the price category above the average, and is also suitable for limited use. For example, due to its low vapor permeability, it is better not to use it in hot regions. A vapor-permeable system of polyurethane foam and polystyrene foam is considered the best place for use. Dust and dirt strongly stick to the coating, so acrylic raw materials will not be the best solution for houses directly near roads and dirt roads, especially if there will be no opportunities for washing under high pressure.
Silicone
The option is not cheap, and it is used to finish “under” a stone or some kind of rock.The base is designed to add fine particles: from quartz sand, for example, the coating takes the form of a stone. Raw materials are used for facades and premises. Plaster looks organically in any interior: from the simplest to the most expensive. At the same time, outside the building it will be cleaned efficiently by ordinary rain, and inside they are washed with clean water without detergents. The surface under silicone putty breathes normally and does not suffer from harmful microorganisms. Silicone plaster does not absorb salt, so unpleasant saline solutions do not form on it. Silicone surfaces also have the ability to self-clean. The range of colors and shades includes ready-made solutions, but consumers often resort to tinting the usual white mixture.
For leveling lower layers, it makes sense to use other materials - this will significantly reduce the total cost.
Mineral
This variety is considered to be a dry type of mixture for dilution with water. Mineral plaster is made on the basis of cement. Plasticizers and modifiers are added to the raw materials. The material is relatively inexpensive, and this, along with strength, makes the option profitable in its own way. Putty tenaciously sticks to the base, practically does not absorb moisture, has high vapor permeability, normally tolerates frost. Among the weaknesses of mineral plaster, a small selection of colors is distinguished. To give the walls a special shade, tinting is required. The elasticity indicators are also low. If the building shrinks, then cracks will appear on the finish. Recently began to produce gypsum-based mineral putty. By their basic qualities, such solutions are inferior to other types of plaster. Mineral mixtures are also made from:
water glass;
lime.
Terrazite
The material performs a decorative and protective function. The assortment of terrazite plaster includes many dissimilar compositions, among which a mixture of finely divided limestone flour, Portland cement and fluff lime is popular. Instead of crumbling limestone, coarse refined sand is sometimes used as filler.In mixtures, additives like mica chips are usually present. Buyers can choose the right option for transportation directly to the construction site: they sell terrazite plaster only in the form of a dry mixture, and before the application they add water. Most varieties are used externally, because the resulting texture is too embossed by the standards of interior decoration. You can find an option for rooms if you select a putty with small fractions and a suitable pattern after hardening.
Cork
A relatively new type of decorative plaster with a special composition. The basis of the raw material is cork oak bark, and additives and binders are selected according to its features. The finished coating will also receive cork properties: antistatic, hypoallergenic, elastic, soft. A variety was developed to replace the traditional variants of increased decorativeness. Cork plaster is used instead of wall and ceiling cladding, thin insulation, paints, liquid wallpaper, interior and exterior decoration. Among other things, it will become hydro- and soundproof, increase the strength of wall materials. The described advantages will be available for at least 15 years - as long as the integrity of the structure is maintained. Putty from natural cork also fill the gaps. It is used in the repair and decoration of these types of buildings:
From expanded clay blocks;
Foam concrete;
Aerated concrete;
Panel.
Heat insulating
Warm type of plaster appeared relatively recently. Heat-insulating putty was obtained by upgrading the composition. Quartz sand was replaced with elements to control heat: polystyrene foam, pumice, expanded vermiculite, expanded clay and other materials. The role of the insulation barrier for the room almost always plays packaged air. In a warm type of plaster, the appearance of cold channels is prevented by expanded polystyrene and expanded vermiculite, which are characterized by the attraction and retention of air bubbles. High adhesion is ensured by universal properties in terms of compatibility with surfaces.A layer of plaster 5 cm thick corresponds to a sheet of polystyrene foam with an indicator of 4 cm and a half rows of bricks. A perfectly even base coat is not required for work, and at a time it is possible to apply more than 100 m².
Other strengths:
ease of preparation;
fire safety;
environmental friendliness.
Soundproof
Such materials are used in libraries, consulting rooms, office centers, restaurants, and production facilities near residential buildings. Soundproofing mixtures are saturated with light fillers, fissile into granules. Used for this additive with a hollow structure. For soundproofing properties, the mixtures are also saturated with aluminum powder. The latter, as a result of drying of the plaster, emits gas to form a porous structure. In the loose structure of the plaster, the sound is beaten off from small particles and, in the end, weakens to a minimum level. In this case, the preservation of properties depends on the choice of decorative layer, if any. Thick enamel paints will definitely ruin the effect. Paints and varnishes are generally better not to use, since they penetrate the porous layer and clog some of the pores.
Application area
Facade plaster in accordance with its name is used for building surfaces and street architecture. Moreover, the purpose of decorative and special varieties for facades is of a recommendatory nature. Advanced materials are suitable for bathrooms, rooms with pools. Bark beetles and variants with pronounced relief trim the facades and large rooms. In an ultramodern setting, such putty will look out of place. But with a certain supply of a conventional or classic interior, it looks more expensive than its price. Different types of plaster are used for processing gaps and seams, decorating an external insulation, imitating natural materials, such as stone or precious rocks.For a moderate climate, acrylic “lamb” plaster is considered universal. On sale there are mixtures for working with any surfaces.
Design, texture and color
In terms of texture and appearance, several notable categories are distinguished:
bark beetle;
plaster coat;
mosaic options.
Decorative plaster has long been a leader, displacing simpler options like a fur coat. The requirements for facade coating are constantly growing, and this contributes to this state of affairs. Buildings are often finished with tiles, but most people focus on plaster. The texture of the material is granular, with voids, grooves, etc. The relief depends on the application technique and the raw material itself. The first of these aspects affects the configuration of the volumetric image. The value is the force of pressure, the nature and amplitude of movements, the angle of inclination and the type of tools. The texture is created by the components of the solutions: cellulose and silk fibers, ground mica, marble chips, various fractions. Shades play a role in conveying the texture and perception of the coating. Iridescent color options emphasize the relief, and in principle, they look better. There is also white and simple colored stucco, coatings with a play of light and shadow.
Bark beetle
The material is available in white or another base color for the subsequent addition of pigments. After solidification, the bark beetle can be additionally painted with materials based on water or silicone. A feature of the finish is the formation of a pattern that visually resembles the activity of a bark beetle. Selected round particles move along the applied mass and leave grooves. Because of its decorative effect, the bark beetle was also used inside buildings. Before purchasing a finishing material, it is worthwhile to ask about the vapor barrier characteristics of a particular option. The remaining beneficial qualities are present in all mixtures.The bark beetle has won market positions due to impact resistance, resistance to cracking and delamination, and frost resistance. The coating will retain its original appearance for a long time.
Fur coat
A simple and cheap option to improve the surfaces of facades. A fur coat protects the walls from precipitation and insulates houses. Initially, the material was used in the same way: they were sprayed with a large layer, leveled and imparted a certain texture. This is the difference between all ordinary plasters from decorative plasters with their original properties. New cement-sand compositions of the fur coat option remain the cheapest, but in addition to coarse sand, there are now raw materials with fine quartz. The fur coat provides thermal and sound insulation at the proper level, and thanks to the first of the qualities, it got its name. It attracts masters with its simple application technology. And if you attach a manual machine or pneumatic gun to work, then in a short time it will be possible to cover 200 m² - doing everything with your own hands and without the help of masters. Recently, more and more color options have appeared. To improve aesthetics make a decorative spray.
Mosaic
Mixtures of crushed pieces of stone and acrylic resin are used for decorative purposes. The option is considered to be a designer and, in addition to the facades, they are decorated with expensive interiors. Mosaic material is placed on the plinths of private houses and architectural compositions. Inclusions for plaster are obtained from granite, marble and quartz. Microfragments of other breeds are often added - to add variety to the color scheme. From artificial lighting on the mosaic pearl accents appear. The diameter of these fractions is 0.8–2 mm, and with the accumulation of crumbs, characteristic multicolored spots form. The variety of background is also not limited by anything, but white, pink and yellow colors predominate. Resistance to temperature fluctuations and resistance to external influences justify the widespread use of the material. Apply it to gas and foam concrete, other plaster, natural stone, drywall, brick.
Rules and application technique
Before finishing with stucco mixtures, they prepare the surface carefully and without haste. Be sure to remove the remnants of the old finish. The most protruding point is found on the wall. If you do not reduce this part of the coating, you will need to apply the plaster up to this level. It is necessary to take into account defects: a depth of 3 cm is considered acceptable. Deepenings are simply covered with a mixture, and if the indicator is higher than the norm, additional layers of plaster will have to be formed. Then go to the primer. A special solution is applied with a roller to increase adhesiveness. Sometimes one layer is enough, but it is better to make two. The plaster itself is applied with a spatula, with the coating leveling and its subsequent processing. The finish layer is laid at an angle of 60 °. Decorative materials are applied with a roller, brush, spatula, brush or trowel, or again with a spatula, if required by the drawing.
The nuances of the application technique:
The solution is put in a layer of 0.3-1.5 mm.
Each new layer is dried for at least 30 minutes at temperatures above +20 ° C.
The finish coating is applied no earlier than three days after the previous manipulations, and only on a dried surface.
Drawing on a heater - mineral wool or polystyrene
Mineral wool can be coated with plaster if the density of the insulation is 150 kg / m³ or more. A layer of glue is applied to the mineral wool and then pressed into the resulting interlayer and insulation with an alkali-resistant building fiberglass mesh. When the structure is mounted, it can be plastered, painted, etc. After applying the glue, the surface should be strengthened with dowel umbrellas for greater reliability: one is enough in the center and the same at the edges of the surface. If the glue layer has minimal irregularities, then add another to align. First, a plaster mesh with appropriate fastening is installed on the foam insulation layer. Then mashing is carried out on it. After passing the first two stages, they begin to level the coating.The layer is laid out and overwritten. The resulting surface is primed. Then it remains only to apply the finish coating.
Masonry plastering
The process includes standard surface treatment steps:
Inspection
Training;
Padding;
Reinforcement;
Installation of strips-beacons;
Application of finishing material.
The first step is to remove dirt and dust, eliminate cracks in the joints. Sound insulation and protection against heat loss depends on the integrity of the coating. In cracks, insects can remain in general, which will destroy the finish in the future. The surface is then primed. Before applying porous plaster compositions, a deep penetration primer is used. Usually put two layers. The brick surface has an uneven relief, so it is better to play it safe and organize a reinforcing mesh. As a material for the frame, it is better to choose a substance not subject to corrosion, for example, plastic. With a reinforcing structure, rust can get on the finish and thus form stains. The defect cannot be fixed. Subsequently, metal profiles are installed as beacons. When the desired layer of plaster is on the wall, the planks are removed.
Plastering on aerated concrete blocks
Aerated concrete easily absorbs moisture, so that the finish begins with protecting the blocks from getting wet. In warm regions this is not important, but winter with negative temperatures will lead to freezing of moisture in the blocks. As a result, the building material will decrease resistance to stress. Plaster walls made of aerated concrete only in the warm season. If the seams were filled not with special glue, but with concrete-sand mortar, then they wait a week more before starting work. Next, the wall surface is saturated with a deep-action primer and, if possible, covered with polyethylene. Some experts are inclined to believe that gas blocks should be finished both from the side of the street and inside.Then the decoration begins with the premises, and only then, when the inner lining dries well, the facade is plastered. The application of plaster on aerated concrete blocks, in addition to the standard stages of preparing the base and primer, includes the formation of a "fur coat" and the strengthening of the corners.
Homes by the sea, lake or river need less interior decoration.
Finishing wooden facades
Plaster for external walls is applied to houses from timber, less often - to structures from vulture panels, logs and other types of wooden buildings. Before facing, even fully finished boards are treated with antiseptics against insects and fungus. The first layer will be waterproofing. For log homes you will need a reinforced system. Then install a reinforcing facade frame and apply several layers of plaster. Then the lighthouses are removed from the crate. Experts allow the use of acrylic solutions, as well as mineral varieties. These materials are highly breathable and resistant to mechanical damage. For finishing a wooden surface, it is better to use ready-made mixtures without tinting. The plaster is selected in tone with the tree, because if the color does not match, the surface will look messy. Instead of plastering, they often resort to installing hinged facades. They improve temperature metabolism and withstand cold, heat.
Calculation and consumption of material
Before buying, you should calculate the consumption per 1 m² - the calculations are carried out in the plaster calculator. Fill in the fields taking into account the average curvature of 1 meter. In the first column indicate the length of the wall in meters, and in the second enter its height. Then add an indicator of the average thickness of the layer of plaster in millimeters. At the end, indicate the type of mixture, for example, acrylic or silicate, etc. The result can be obtained in kilograms or in bags, if you enter the mass of one. The consumption of plaster largely depends on the surface material and its curvature.For walls made of drywall, wood, brick and concrete, the indicators differ significantly. The approximate costs of each mixture per 1 m² are indicated on the package, so you will need to translate this into coefficients and multiply by the appropriate base parameters. The average level of deviation of the coating is usually in the range of 20-25 mm.
The average level of curvature is considered to be 10 m², measurements at 3 points.
How to choose the right
The right choice begins with an analysis of priorities. The appearance, quality of the material and technical capabilities for its use always come to the fore. Take into account climatic features, wall parameters, cost and deadlines. Having worked through each scenario from start to finish, you can accurately predict that the option will fail in principle or after a short period of time. Silicone and silicate plasters are suitable for places with increased pollution. With the help of these compounds, old buildings are also being restored. Silicone mixtures will be relevant for cold regions. In other cases, acrylic or cement putty will be sufficient. Criteria for the right choice include the flow rate of the mixture, the size of the fractions, ease of preparation, as well as the color palette and storage conditions.
Conclusion
Plaster is known as old finishing material, but market diversity suggests otherwise. Consumers are available cement, silicate, acrylic, silicone, mineral and terrazite mixtures. Cork and mosaic options possess unique decorative qualities. Special types of plaster include heat-insulating, sound-proofing and other mixtures with enhanced parameters. For simple decoration, plaster coat material is often used, but the ram and bark beetle are used almost everywhere. Facade plaster can be seen on buildings of any configuration and purpose. Material in this sense holds a leadership position.Before purchasing raw materials, you will have to fully inspect the surface. At this stage, determine the amount of materials, their type and technology of work. Then, after processing the walls and forming the frame, they begin to work with a spatula - they form a simple even coating or drawings.
External design - the face of the building and its "visiting card". In total there are about five types of coatings, which are more or less massively used for facade decoration. In large cities, whole ensembles of houses are faced in the same way to maintain harmony. There are a lot of tiles near the historical centers of megalopolises, but decorative plastering is suitable for remodelers and expensive establishments of industrial centers. Conventional mixtures are laid almost everywhere, and in this regard, climate restrictions and wall features are important. Simple plaster will transform a pleasant shade and inclusion under textured elements. Consumers are also available with special options with enhanced protective capabilities. Exterior stucco is sold at many retail outlets. There can be several of them on one square kilometer, so there is an option for any budget.
Content
Features
Plaster for finishing facades is used to protect against moisture and noise. At the same time, materials are required to be decorative. Powders are made from the main composite material, additives, binders and fractions. At the same time, the most presentable options are with stone, some varieties of bark beetle and acrylic plaster are suitable for internal use. Plaster usually has at least some texture. At the same time, in our time, we adhere to the following approach: a smooth coating for ordinary buildings and uniform for expensive facades. The very definition of "plaster" can now be arbitrarily replaced with "finishing for exterior work." For the material, the transmittance property is important. Plaster should not allow moisture and noise from the outside and heat from the inside, and, on the contrary, allow steam to pass through the walls.
Advantages and disadvantages
Plaster protects the interior of the building from adverse environmental factors and decorates the walls - this is its main purpose and at the same time a plus. Putty provides savings compared to tiles, panels and other options for wall cladding. In addition, the application scheme is simple in terms of performing individual steps. You do not need to repeat the cycle several times, starting all over again. Thanks to this feature, efforts can be directed towards creation: the formation of patterns and relief. At one time, application methods were developed, and now they continue to develop. Despite the benefits of wall insulation, the plaster has some minor disadvantages.Dismantling will cost a lot of effort and time. The surface for some types of mixtures will need to be pre-cleaned of dirt, and for large areas it is difficult.
Kinds
Plaster can be cement, silicate, acrylic, silicone, mineral, terrazite, cork and other types. They to one degree or another differ in external characteristics, decorativeness, price and performance indicators. Manufacturers rarely succeed in combining all the advantages in one version, all the more, keeping its price at the level of the average indicator for the market. The scope requires materials to be resistant to thermal and chemical effects, as well as the ability to pass steam and moisture resistance. Conventional plaster should primarily protect the building from moisture. Above or instead of the usual mixture, decorative varieties are often used. Special options perform a screening function. Provide reliable protection against physical and chemical factors. The composition of decorative mixtures is often added special.
Cement
So called several varieties. The market is dominated by cement-lime and cement-sand options. It is the fillers that determine the basic properties of raw materials and, accordingly, the scope. Options with sand are cheaper, and more expensive putty with lime is used in rooms with high humidity. The second option will cost more, even if you prepare the putty yourself. Each of the materials is saturated with sand and lime, so that the mixture, in fact, differ in the proportion of the main components. According to their purpose, they distinguish decorative, leveling (ordinary) and special ones. The latter type is associated with the creation of warm plasters, as well as coatings with enhanced resistance to external factors. Cement plaster has decent indicators of vapor impermeability, heat resistance and chemical resistance.
Silicate
The binding function in the mixture is liquid potassium glass. The base is composed of minerals. As a result of mixing the components receive raw materials with high moisture permeability. At the same time, the combination cannot provide a normal level of elasticity. Shrinkage of the building will lead to cracking. From a light earthquake, the facing layer will begin to fall off. Silicate plaster is useful for decorating facades on busy roads and motorways, but only in flat areas. Special care for the coating will not be needed, and this despite the fact that the solution fits perfectly on the texture of any complexity - like cellular walls and decorative options. It is best to combine shell rock with the material. Finished raw materials are produced in a wide range of shades. Silicate putty is convenient to use, but applying on top of another layer of plaster will lead to cracks.
Acrylic
It is applied only on a smooth surface or leveling layer. Acrylic plaster is laid in a thin layer to provide the main advantage of the material - high elasticity. Moreover, even a small layer of acrylic solution will be resistant to mechanical wear of varying degrees. The integrity of the cladding will remain after a small shrinkage. At the same time, acrylic putty belongs to the price category above the average, and is also suitable for limited use. For example, due to its low vapor permeability, it is better not to use it in hot regions. A vapor-permeable system of polyurethane foam and polystyrene foam is considered the best place for use. Dust and dirt strongly stick to the coating, so acrylic raw materials will not be the best solution for houses directly near roads and dirt roads, especially if there will be no opportunities for washing under high pressure.
Silicone
The option is not cheap, and it is used to finish “under” a stone or some kind of rock.The base is designed to add fine particles: from quartz sand, for example, the coating takes the form of a stone. Raw materials are used for facades and premises. Plaster looks organically in any interior: from the simplest to the most expensive. At the same time, outside the building it will be cleaned efficiently by ordinary rain, and inside they are washed with clean water without detergents. The surface under silicone putty breathes normally and does not suffer from harmful microorganisms. Silicone plaster does not absorb salt, so unpleasant saline solutions do not form on it. Silicone surfaces also have the ability to self-clean. The range of colors and shades includes ready-made solutions, but consumers often resort to tinting the usual white mixture.
Mineral
This variety is considered to be a dry type of mixture for dilution with water. Mineral plaster is made on the basis of cement. Plasticizers and modifiers are added to the raw materials. The material is relatively inexpensive, and this, along with strength, makes the option profitable in its own way. Putty tenaciously sticks to the base, practically does not absorb moisture, has high vapor permeability, normally tolerates frost. Among the weaknesses of mineral plaster, a small selection of colors is distinguished. To give the walls a special shade, tinting is required. The elasticity indicators are also low. If the building shrinks, then cracks will appear on the finish. Recently began to produce gypsum-based mineral putty. By their basic qualities, such solutions are inferior to other types of plaster. Mineral mixtures are also made from:
Terrazite
The material performs a decorative and protective function. The assortment of terrazite plaster includes many dissimilar compositions, among which a mixture of finely divided limestone flour, Portland cement and fluff lime is popular. Instead of crumbling limestone, coarse refined sand is sometimes used as filler.In mixtures, additives like mica chips are usually present. Buyers can choose the right option for transportation directly to the construction site: they sell terrazite plaster only in the form of a dry mixture, and before the application they add water. Most varieties are used externally, because the resulting texture is too embossed by the standards of interior decoration. You can find an option for rooms if you select a putty with small fractions and a suitable pattern after hardening.
Cork
A relatively new type of decorative plaster with a special composition. The basis of the raw material is cork oak bark, and additives and binders are selected according to its features. The finished coating will also receive cork properties: antistatic, hypoallergenic, elastic, soft. A variety was developed to replace the traditional variants of increased decorativeness. Cork plaster is used instead of wall and ceiling cladding, thin insulation, paints, liquid wallpaper, interior and exterior decoration. Among other things, it will become hydro- and soundproof, increase the strength of wall materials. The described advantages will be available for at least 15 years - as long as the integrity of the structure is maintained. Putty from natural cork also fill the gaps. It is used in the repair and decoration of these types of buildings:
Heat insulating
Warm type of plaster appeared relatively recently. Heat-insulating putty was obtained by upgrading the composition. Quartz sand was replaced with elements to control heat: polystyrene foam, pumice, expanded vermiculite, expanded clay and other materials. The role of the insulation barrier for the room almost always plays packaged air. In a warm type of plaster, the appearance of cold channels is prevented by expanded polystyrene and expanded vermiculite, which are characterized by the attraction and retention of air bubbles. High adhesion is ensured by universal properties in terms of compatibility with surfaces.A layer of plaster 5 cm thick corresponds to a sheet of polystyrene foam with an indicator of 4 cm and a half rows of bricks. A perfectly even base coat is not required for work, and at a time it is possible to apply more than 100 m².
Other strengths:
Soundproof
Such materials are used in libraries, consulting rooms, office centers, restaurants, and production facilities near residential buildings. Soundproofing mixtures are saturated with light fillers, fissile into granules. Used for this additive with a hollow structure. For soundproofing properties, the mixtures are also saturated with aluminum powder. The latter, as a result of drying of the plaster, emits gas to form a porous structure. In the loose structure of the plaster, the sound is beaten off from small particles and, in the end, weakens to a minimum level. In this case, the preservation of properties depends on the choice of decorative layer, if any. Thick enamel paints will definitely ruin the effect. Paints and varnishes are generally better not to use, since they penetrate the porous layer and clog some of the pores.
Application area
Facade plaster in accordance with its name is used for building surfaces and street architecture. Moreover, the purpose of decorative and special varieties for facades is of a recommendatory nature. Advanced materials are suitable for bathrooms, rooms with pools. Bark beetles and variants with pronounced relief trim the facades and large rooms. In an ultramodern setting, such putty will look out of place. But with a certain supply of a conventional or classic interior, it looks more expensive than its price. Different types of plaster are used for processing gaps and seams, decorating an external insulation, imitating natural materials, such as stone or precious rocks.For a moderate climate, acrylic “lamb” plaster is considered universal. On sale there are mixtures for working with any surfaces.
Design, texture and color
In terms of texture and appearance, several notable categories are distinguished:
Decorative plaster has long been a leader, displacing simpler options like a fur coat. The requirements for facade coating are constantly growing, and this contributes to this state of affairs. Buildings are often finished with tiles, but most people focus on plaster. The texture of the material is granular, with voids, grooves, etc. The relief depends on the application technique and the raw material itself. The first of these aspects affects the configuration of the volumetric image. The value is the force of pressure, the nature and amplitude of movements, the angle of inclination and the type of tools. The texture is created by the components of the solutions: cellulose and silk fibers, ground mica, marble chips, various fractions. Shades play a role in conveying the texture and perception of the coating. Iridescent color options emphasize the relief, and in principle, they look better. There is also white and simple colored stucco, coatings with a play of light and shadow.
Bark beetle
The material is available in white or another base color for the subsequent addition of pigments. After solidification, the bark beetle can be additionally painted with materials based on water or silicone. A feature of the finish is the formation of a pattern that visually resembles the activity of a bark beetle. Selected round particles move along the applied mass and leave grooves. Because of its decorative effect, the bark beetle was also used inside buildings. Before purchasing a finishing material, it is worthwhile to ask about the vapor barrier characteristics of a particular option. The remaining beneficial qualities are present in all mixtures.The bark beetle has won market positions due to impact resistance, resistance to cracking and delamination, and frost resistance. The coating will retain its original appearance for a long time.
Fur coat
A simple and cheap option to improve the surfaces of facades. A fur coat protects the walls from precipitation and insulates houses. Initially, the material was used in the same way: they were sprayed with a large layer, leveled and imparted a certain texture. This is the difference between all ordinary plasters from decorative plasters with their original properties. New cement-sand compositions of the fur coat option remain the cheapest, but in addition to coarse sand, there are now raw materials with fine quartz. The fur coat provides thermal and sound insulation at the proper level, and thanks to the first of the qualities, it got its name. It attracts masters with its simple application technology. And if you attach a manual machine or pneumatic gun to work, then in a short time it will be possible to cover 200 m² - doing everything with your own hands and without the help of masters. Recently, more and more color options have appeared. To improve aesthetics make a decorative spray.
Mosaic
Mixtures of crushed pieces of stone and acrylic resin are used for decorative purposes. The option is considered to be a designer and, in addition to the facades, they are decorated with expensive interiors. Mosaic material is placed on the plinths of private houses and architectural compositions. Inclusions for plaster are obtained from granite, marble and quartz. Microfragments of other breeds are often added - to add variety to the color scheme. From artificial lighting on the mosaic pearl accents appear. The diameter of these fractions is 0.8–2 mm, and with the accumulation of crumbs, characteristic multicolored spots form. The variety of background is also not limited by anything, but white, pink and yellow colors predominate. Resistance to temperature fluctuations and resistance to external influences justify the widespread use of the material. Apply it to gas and foam concrete, other plaster, natural stone, drywall, brick.
Rules and application technique
Before finishing with stucco mixtures, they prepare the surface carefully and without haste. Be sure to remove the remnants of the old finish. The most protruding point is found on the wall. If you do not reduce this part of the coating, you will need to apply the plaster up to this level. It is necessary to take into account defects: a depth of 3 cm is considered acceptable. Deepenings are simply covered with a mixture, and if the indicator is higher than the norm, additional layers of plaster will have to be formed. Then go to the primer. A special solution is applied with a roller to increase adhesiveness. Sometimes one layer is enough, but it is better to make two. The plaster itself is applied with a spatula, with the coating leveling and its subsequent processing. The finish layer is laid at an angle of 60 °. Decorative materials are applied with a roller, brush, spatula, brush or trowel, or again with a spatula, if required by the drawing.
The nuances of the application technique:
Drawing on a heater - mineral wool or polystyrene
Mineral wool can be coated with plaster if the density of the insulation is 150 kg / m³ or more. A layer of glue is applied to the mineral wool and then pressed into the resulting interlayer and insulation with an alkali-resistant building fiberglass mesh. When the structure is mounted, it can be plastered, painted, etc. After applying the glue, the surface should be strengthened with dowel umbrellas for greater reliability: one is enough in the center and the same at the edges of the surface. If the glue layer has minimal irregularities, then add another to align. First, a plaster mesh with appropriate fastening is installed on the foam insulation layer. Then mashing is carried out on it. After passing the first two stages, they begin to level the coating.The layer is laid out and overwritten. The resulting surface is primed. Then it remains only to apply the finish coating.
Masonry plastering
The process includes standard surface treatment steps:
The first step is to remove dirt and dust, eliminate cracks in the joints. Sound insulation and protection against heat loss depends on the integrity of the coating. In cracks, insects can remain in general, which will destroy the finish in the future. The surface is then primed. Before applying porous plaster compositions, a deep penetration primer is used. Usually put two layers. The brick surface has an uneven relief, so it is better to play it safe and organize a reinforcing mesh. As a material for the frame, it is better to choose a substance not subject to corrosion, for example, plastic. With a reinforcing structure, rust can get on the finish and thus form stains. The defect cannot be fixed. Subsequently, metal profiles are installed as beacons. When the desired layer of plaster is on the wall, the planks are removed.
Plastering on aerated concrete blocks
Aerated concrete easily absorbs moisture, so that the finish begins with protecting the blocks from getting wet. In warm regions this is not important, but winter with negative temperatures will lead to freezing of moisture in the blocks. As a result, the building material will decrease resistance to stress. Plaster walls made of aerated concrete only in the warm season. If the seams were filled not with special glue, but with concrete-sand mortar, then they wait a week more before starting work. Next, the wall surface is saturated with a deep-action primer and, if possible, covered with polyethylene. Some experts are inclined to believe that gas blocks should be finished both from the side of the street and inside.Then the decoration begins with the premises, and only then, when the inner lining dries well, the facade is plastered. The application of plaster on aerated concrete blocks, in addition to the standard stages of preparing the base and primer, includes the formation of a "fur coat" and the strengthening of the corners.
Finishing wooden facades
Plaster for external walls is applied to houses from timber, less often - to structures from vulture panels, logs and other types of wooden buildings. Before facing, even fully finished boards are treated with antiseptics against insects and fungus. The first layer will be waterproofing. For log homes you will need a reinforced system. Then install a reinforcing facade frame and apply several layers of plaster. Then the lighthouses are removed from the crate. Experts allow the use of acrylic solutions, as well as mineral varieties. These materials are highly breathable and resistant to mechanical damage. For finishing a wooden surface, it is better to use ready-made mixtures without tinting. The plaster is selected in tone with the tree, because if the color does not match, the surface will look messy. Instead of plastering, they often resort to installing hinged facades. They improve temperature metabolism and withstand cold, heat.
Calculation and consumption of material
Before buying, you should calculate the consumption per 1 m² - the calculations are carried out in the plaster calculator. Fill in the fields taking into account the average curvature of 1 meter. In the first column indicate the length of the wall in meters, and in the second enter its height. Then add an indicator of the average thickness of the layer of plaster in millimeters. At the end, indicate the type of mixture, for example, acrylic or silicate, etc. The result can be obtained in kilograms or in bags, if you enter the mass of one. The consumption of plaster largely depends on the surface material and its curvature.For walls made of drywall, wood, brick and concrete, the indicators differ significantly. The approximate costs of each mixture per 1 m² are indicated on the package, so you will need to translate this into coefficients and multiply by the appropriate base parameters. The average level of deviation of the coating is usually in the range of 20-25 mm.
How to choose the right
The right choice begins with an analysis of priorities. The appearance, quality of the material and technical capabilities for its use always come to the fore. Take into account climatic features, wall parameters, cost and deadlines. Having worked through each scenario from start to finish, you can accurately predict that the option will fail in principle or after a short period of time. Silicone and silicate plasters are suitable for places with increased pollution. With the help of these compounds, old buildings are also being restored. Silicone mixtures will be relevant for cold regions. In other cases, acrylic or cement putty will be sufficient. Criteria for the right choice include the flow rate of the mixture, the size of the fractions, ease of preparation, as well as the color palette and storage conditions.
Conclusion
Plaster is known as old finishing material, but market diversity suggests otherwise. Consumers are available cement, silicate, acrylic, silicone, mineral and terrazite mixtures. Cork and mosaic options possess unique decorative qualities. Special types of plaster include heat-insulating, sound-proofing and other mixtures with enhanced parameters. For simple decoration, plaster coat material is often used, but the ram and bark beetle are used almost everywhere. Facade plaster can be seen on buildings of any configuration and purpose. Material in this sense holds a leadership position.Before purchasing raw materials, you will have to fully inspect the surface. At this stage, determine the amount of materials, their type and technology of work. Then, after processing the walls and forming the frame, they begin to work with a spatula - they form a simple even coating or drawings.