According to the botanical classification, hydrangea belongs to the family of the same name. Now these flowers bloom profusely in the gardens and majestically sit in pots on the windowsills, peering out of the windows. In Europe, hydrangea appeared more than six centuries ago. At different times, the exotic plant was brought from North America and Asia to France and England. Like any wonder, it cost a lot of money and replenished the collections of only wealthy people. In Europe, initially hydrangea was represented in only two colors: scarlet and white. Subsequently, thanks to the work of breeders, inflorescences of new colors appeared. Although hydrangea grows in the vast territories of North and South America, the Far East of Russia and Asia, the flower is most widely spread in China and Japan. IN
The country of the rising sun was given the name Adzisai, which translates from kanji as "purple sunny flower."The most violent thickets of hydrangea can be seen in the ancient Japanese city, one of the former capitals of the country - Kamakura. In addition to the Buddha statue and numerous Shinto shrines, there is Meigetsu-in or Adzisai-dera, which translates as "Temple of Hydrangea." The complex has existed since 1160 and during this time the buildings were carefully surrounded by bright blue clouds of Princess hydrangea inflorescences. In early summer, the temple turns into a huge fragrant garden that attracts tourists. Now it is not difficult to get such magnificence for your home. Let's find out about the vagaries of hydrangea gardening, the features of its cultivation and species classification.
The exact age of hydrangea has not yet been established. Scientists sometimes give out fantastic numbers of tens of millions of years. They have a reason for such statements: independent excavations on different continents have shown that plant seeds have been preserved in the thickness of the earth since the time of the Cenozoic era. The first botanist who introduced the general public to hydrangea was John Bartram.Self-taught, an enthusiast, he independently organized an expedition to the Appalachian mountains in 1732, where he discovered more than one new species of plants that were previously unknown to science. Among them was tree hydrangea. It was her first who was brought to the Old World from the New. The European name "hydrangea" was given to the plant by the French botanist and naturalist Philibert Commerson. It came from the Latin "hortus", which translates as "garden". Subsequently, in a later classification, hydrangea was renamed "hydrangea", which in Greek means "vessel with water." According to the generally accepted opinion, the flower received a new name because of the special shape of the seed boxes, which resembled small jugs. Although the official name changed, and in the textbooks they began to name the hydrangea differently, the very name that the Commerson plant called was used in everyday life.
There is a legend that an exotic flower was called by a botanist in honor of his beloved, since in those days Hortensia was often called girls.
However, due to the large number of “pretenders” that could stir up Commerson’s soul, the true inspirer named Hortense among historical figures could not be calculated. The second homeland of the flower is Japan. It was practically impossible to get rare species in this country and export them to the Middle Ages. Since 1639, it has become closed to foreigners. Enthusiasts had to get out, inventing original ways to export plants. The botanist Karl Tunberg and the doctor Philipp von Siebolz discovered two more varieties for the rest of the world: large-leaved hydrangea and panicled, respectively. The latter even paid for his activities with a couple of years spent in Japanese dungeons. After that, the doctors were expelled from the country without the right to return, but he still preserved valuable sprouts and brought them to Holland. In parallel, another variety was introduced from China, which was called the hydrangea of Joseph Banks in honor of the founder of Kew Gardens in England, where he was first planted.
The furor produced by the novelty came to naught after a couple of years, and the flower was undeservedly forgotten.True, oblivion did not last long (when compared with the age of the plant), only a couple of decades, and today we can observe a new boom in beautiful hydrangea, which delights with the splendor of inflorescences and the variety of colors.
Immediately after appearing in the Old World, the first batch of flowers went into private collections and personal greenhouses. Just a couple of sprouts hit Belgium. In this country, back in the Middle Ages, the city of Ghent flourished (both figuratively and literally). Subsequently, he received the unofficial status of "City of Flowers." For several centuries, several private households grew the most unusual, exotic plants for Europe, which they subsequently sold. Business went uphill, as large greenhouses and conservatories with which the rich people decorated their mansions came into fashion. To this day, every five years in Ghent, the Ghent Floralia Flower Festival is held. They began to grow hydrangea “on an industrial scale” here at the beginning of the last century. The flower business was shared among several local families. Although mainly indoor species grow in greenhouses, they have repeatedly received the highest awards at various competitions and festivals.
Lush clusters of inflorescences, buried in green leaves, are really worthy of the attention of gardeners. In addition to a luxurious appearance, the flower has an easygoing character and practically does not show whims. The only thing hydrangea literally can’t live without is abundant watering. The plant loves water, but it has developed a more complex relationship with the sun: it will delight you with flowers, growing even in the shady zone of the garden. Tall bushes can serve as hedges on the site. A variety of flowers and even different shades of inflorescences on the same bush, allow you to add new colors to the landscape palette and pick a tone for the mood.
Species and varieties
The genus Hydrangea unites several dozen species.Regarding their exact number, nerds have no consensus. As usual, disputes do not subside in the scientific community: they require to combine some species into one, and vice versa - to divide on the basis of significant differences between plants. Hydrangea grows not only in the form of shrubs, but also trees and even vines. Consider the top ten species that have gained the greatest popularity among gardeners.
Large-leaved hydrangea or garden
Large-leaved hydrangea or garden hydrangea is a shrub that can reach a height of up to 4 m. It has wide leaves with sharp tips, generously covering the branches. Pink flowers are collected in panicle inflorescences. In cultivars, blue and white are still found. Unlike other species of the genus Hydrangea, this plant loves the sun and can be planted in places with weak penumbra. It is this species, in spite of the "garden" name, that is actively planted in pots and placed on window sills. Prefers medium and slightly acidic soils. Depending on their acidity, it can change the color of inflorescences. To maintain the plant, which was planted in alkaline soil, experts recommend watering it with a solution containing salts. It has low resistance to frost, which is why in open ground it grows only in the south of Russia. In other regions, it is grown in closed greenhouses and conservatories. To increase the frost resistance of a plant is possible only with the help of proper care and abundant watering in the summer. Inflorescences will be formed on last year's shoots, so keeping them is the main task of the gardener. If you nevertheless take a chance and plant hydrangea in open ground in the middle lane, then in the winter the bush will have to be safely covered. You can use the same materials as for delicate garden roses. It grows quickly, propagates well by cuttings.
Panicle hydrangea
Panicled Hydrangea - shrubs and trees that can grow up to 10 m in height.This species, originally from Asia, we have already mentioned. The natural range of panicled hydrangea is China, Japan and the Russian Far East. Although the crown of decorative trees is quite wide, their roots are not deep, only 0.5-1 m in the thickness of the soil. Prefers loose forest soils.
Mostly grows on the edges and clearings. Inflorescences, unlike garden hydrangea, have the shape of pyramids and can reach up to 25 cm in diameter. Leaves of elongated trees densely cover the twigs. Snow-white flowers bloom at the end of June and wither at the end of October. It is interesting that the fruiting inflorescences, which are located in the middle of the bunch, fall off early, and the barren, framing the "pyramid", partially turn pink over time and keep up until the first frosts. Panicled hydrangea grows very quickly, if climatic conditions contribute to this. Well propagated by cuttings. If you plant hydrangea from a seed, then the first flowering can be observed only in the fourth year of growth.
The plant prefers acidic or neutral soils. It reacts negatively to impurities in the form of ash, chalk, lime. To grow a tree, twice a summer, hydrangeas remove buds on the side shoots.
Bretschneider hydrangea or groundcover
Hortensia Bretschneider got its name in honor of the Russian botanist and geographer. Shrubs can have a crown with a diameter of up to 3 m and extend up to a height of 4 m, as well as large-leaf hydrangea. In the middle latitudes of Russia it can freeze. It blooms throughout the summer and early fall. It has wide, very large (the largest in the genus) leaves of a slightly elongated shape with characteristic "notches" along the contour. The flowers are also large, collected in typical brushes for most species, but less lush than that of hydrangea garden or panicled. Has a superficial root system.
Inflorescences at the beginning of flowering are white, subsequently darken and become saturated purple.Leaves, initially having a milky green hue, subsequently darken and by September become dark brown. Prefers acidic or neutral soils. Like other representatives of the species, he likes plentiful watering, but grows poorly in the shade. The plant must be fed with compounds rich in iron and magnesium. Pruning is carried out in the spring before sap flow. Weak shoots are removed to a well-developed node. If the time with pruning was missed and the sap flow has already begun, then you can remove weak and frozen shoots after releasing the leaves. Looks great in mixborders and as a hedge. It gets along well with perennials.
Bretschneider's hydrangea inflorescences keep their shape well after drying, therefore they are often used as components of dry bouquets or decorative compositions.
Petiole or climbing hydrangea
Petiole or climbing hydrangea is a unique weaving species that does not have a trunk. If we compare the plant with other representatives of the genus, then the flower is extremely unpretentious. All he needs is abundant watering and free space for lush growth. It has wide leaves and white inflorescences collected in lush brushes. Hydrangea petiole is frost-resistant, but it is better to shelter young shoots for the first couple of years for the winter.
It is classified into several varieties: cordifolia, petiolaris, Miranda, climbing vine. Prefers partial shade. Ideal for decorating facades of houses, porches, verandas, arbors, pergolas and patios. It can easily replace grapes, hops, clematis or ivy. Planted in slightly acidic soil. Often becomes a target for insect pests. It has a poorly developed, superficial root system. It requires systematic top dressing (especially in the early years). Well propagated by cuttings and with the help of bends. Cuttings are cut in the middle of spring, and bends are simply dug near the bush in pre-fed soil.
Hydrangea ashen or gray
Ashen hydrangea got its name because of the gray shade of the leaves on the back. Has large brushes of white inflorescences. Cultivars can be blue or pink. The birthplace of ashen hydrangea is considered to be North America. In our country, the plant has not received wide popularity, although the period of its flowering takes almost three months (from July to September). Prefers slightly acidic and neutral soils. It does not tolerate lime impurities or too dense soil, wetlands. Likes plentiful watering, partial shade.
Shrubs can reach a height of 2 m. They have a wide crown. They require regular trimming, without which they acquire a neglected and groomed look. During pruning, the strongest branches are formed, which will become the "skeleton" of the bush. Subsequently, the shoots are cut off immediately after the swelling of the kidneys, after which the plants are fed. It is advisable to shelter young bushes for the winter.
Hydrangea
Tree hydrangea is widespread in the open spaces of North America. Shrubs grow up to 3 m in height. The leaves are wide, and the inflorescences are collected in lush white brushes. The plant is hardy and can survive a short dry period. Prefers well-moistened soil. The weak point of tree hydrangea is sensitivity to drafts.
In the garden for her, it is better to choose a quiet place in the shade, surrounded by natural barriers that will not allow the wind to clear up. The flowering period stretches from mid-July to October. In the Russian climate, it can freeze. Every year at the end of spring, you need to trim the shoots almost to the root. In the future, they can be used as cuttings. To enhance the health of hydrangea, it is recommended to water it with a weak potassium permanganate solution along the trunk.
Hydrangea oak
Hydrangea is oak-leaved, as well as ashy, native to the southern regions of North America.The species is not resistant, therefore, in our latitudes it is not grown in open ground, but is ideal for a closed greenhouse. It has luxurious pyramidal "clusters" of inflorescences and large leaves with serrated lobes similar to grape ones. By autumn, the foliage becomes purplish-purple.
The inflorescences are initially snow-white, toward the end of the flowering period they turn pink. Prefers slightly acidic soils. Allowed landing in alkaline, but with the introduction of the correct acid fertilizing. It does not tolerate even short dry periods. Requires regular, plentiful watering. Prefers partial shade with light, diffused light. The oak hydrangea must be fertilized twice a year: in early spring and immediately before flowering. In winter, the bushes need to be covered.
You can use spruce branches. Shrubs with a height of more than 1 m must be tied to supports, so that the snow cover with its weight does not break the twigs.
Hydrangea radiant
This species is also native to North America. It has low resistance to frost, therefore, in the middle zone of Russia in the open ground is not grown. Shrub reaches 2 m in height. Has magnificent brushes of inflorescences painted in white. The leaves are large, with characteristic small notches and an elongated tip. Branches are unevenly covered. The flowering period is quite short (July-August). Compared with other representatives of the species, radiant hydrangea boasts the fastest growth rates.
In Russia, it takes root only in the southern regions. In winter, not only the ground part of the plant is necessarily covered, but also the delicate root system. The process of growing radiant hydrangea from seeds is very laborious. The soil has been prepared since the fall. Later on, young shoots will have to be regularly fed and sheltered from night frosts. Planting seedlings is much simpler: it is enough to mulch them, pour over with settled water and generously feed them. Likes partial shade and slightly acidic soil.
Serrated Hydrangea
Serrated hydrangea - a lush shrub reaching a height of up to 1.5 m. The leaves are small, spindle-shaped with a sharp tip. At the beginning of flowering, they have a rich, dense green hue. Inflorescences are gathered in loose brushes. May change color depending on soil acidity. In slightly acidic soil, the flowering core flowers have a deep blue hue, and the barren edges are blue with a white border. There is also a beautiful lilac color. Before fading, sterile flowers turn pink at the edges of the brush. The flowering period lasts from July to September. If the climate is not suitable for the plant or it has not received proper care, then this period is reduced to August. The most popular variety of serratus hydrangea is considered Blue Bird. The Blue Bird inflorescences have an unusual blue-violet-purple color. Like most representatives of the genus, serrate hydrangea prefers slightly acidic soils, places with diffused light and abundant watering.
When grown in open ground in central Russia, the plant must be sheltered for the winter. In the southern regions, additional insulation is not required, but subject to the absence of sudden temperature changes. In addition to cuttings, serratin hydrangea is well propagated by division. The bush is completely dug out of the soil and divided into two parts with the condition that the kidneys of renewal remain on each.
Hydrangea Sargent
Sargent Hydrangea is a luxurious, tall shrub native to China. It was named after the prominent American botanist who became the first director of the Botanical Garden at Harvard University. The shrub can reach a height of up to 4 m. It has hard twigs covered with villi. The leaves are large, velvety, slightly elongated. Flowers are collected in inflorescences in the form of flat umbrellas. Fruiting have a rich lilac, and sterile at the edges - snow-white color. The species is characterized by a short flowering period from early July to early August.
In the middle zone of Russia, fruit boxes do not have time to ripen. It is almost impossible to independently grow hydrangea from seeds, therefore it is propagated vegetatively (by cuttings and layering). Shrubs carefully shelter for the winter. The ground part of the plant very often freezes, but with proper care it is quickly restored. It prefers acidic and slightly acidic soils. It requires abundant watering, like other types of hydrangea.
Features of the cultivation and care of hydrangea in the open ground
As we mentioned earlier, this plant can not be classified as capricious. For example, if you compare it with the queen of flowers - a rose that reacts sharply to any climate change or in the care schedule, then hydrangea is a meek and unpretentious lady. Irregular watering is the only thing she will not put up with under any circumstances. Several varieties of hydrangeas can withstand short-term drought, but this is rather the exception to the rule. As with any other garden flower, care for it must be carried out according to certain rules, which we will get to know later.
Site selection, soil preparation and bush planting
Plant hydrangea is recommended in the spring. The soil can be prepared in the fall, thoroughly loosening it and adding fertilizer. Since in all types of hydrangea (even trees), the root system is superficial, that is, the shoots do not penetrate deep into the soil, preferring to stretch to the sides, a pit 0.7 m deep is enough. The place should be reliably protected from the wind. Direct sunlight will cause the shrub to dry, so it is better to choose a partial shade. Perhaps a tall tree with a wide crown grows nearby. The scattered light that will penetrate the foliage is the best option for hydrangea.
The plant prefers loose, acidic or slightly acidic soil. Peat and fertilizers should be poured into the dug hole. Its width should be twice the size of the root system of the seedling.They take it out of the pot, shake it well and cover it with soil mixed with compost. The lump of land with a seedling should rise slightly above the ground. The soil is rammed, watered and mulched.
Watering, fertilizing and mulching
Up to 50 liters of water are poured onto adult bushes at a time. If the soil around hydrangea is mulled, then volumes can be reduced. During the summer, the earth around the shrub should be loosened (up to 5 cm deep) at least three to four times. During flowering, faded shoots must be removed in a timely manner. Topping the bush is carried out twice a year: in the spring and after the end of the flowering period. For these purposes, buy special compounds that are balanced specifically for hydrangea. It is better to mulch the earth with fir needles or shredded bark.
Pruning rules
During the first four years (before the first flowering), hydrangea is not pruned at all. In the fifth year, in early spring, immediately after the swelling of the buds, the branches are pruned by about a third. Three to six kidneys should be left. For hydrangea oak-leafed pruning can not be carried out at all, since it blooms on last year's shoots.
What to do to change the color of the inflorescence
The color of hydrangea inflorescences can be changed personally. We already mentioned this feature of the flower: the plant reacts sharply to changes in soil acidity, which manifests itself in a change in the shades of the petals. So that they temporarily repainted in blue, it is enough to pour hydrangea with a weak solution of manganese. Inflorescences will return to white immediately after stopping watering. To get a blue tint, the bush is watered with a weak solution of alum or aluminum sulfate. A solution with a low concentration of iron sulfate will turn purple.
In fact, it is not the petals themselves that change the color, but their veins, that is, the shade does not turn out uniform.
Winter preparations
The soil around the shrub should be hardened and mulched. Then cut off faded shoots and lower leaves.Pruning the latter contributes to lignification of the trunk, that is, the formation of natural protection against frost. Panicled and groundcover hydrangea can not be covered for the winter. These two species are considered the most frost-resistant. The rest will have to be additionally insulated. You can use spruce branches or non-woven material. If the bush is tall, then it is tied to a support so that the branches do not break under the weight of snow. The sheltering procedure is carried out in early October immediately after the first timid frosts. Very young shrubs simply fall asleep with a mixture of soil and fallen leaves.
The fight against diseases and pests of hydrangea
Hydrangea is quite resistant to disease, but with improper care or inappropriate conditions may begin to wither. The two main dangers for the flower are chlorosis and fungal diseases (white, gray rot). The first disease develops with a lack of iron. If the shoots dry, the leaves turn yellow and twist, and the inflorescences are deformed, then it is time to nourish the bush with a solution containing iron. White rot and gray rot are fungal diseases that first affect the root system. The first sign of infection is a characteristic fluff on the trunk and branches. They treat diseases with special fungicides. Damaged branches prune.
Less commonly, hydrangea is affected by septoria. The first sign of the disease is the appearance of black spots on the leaves. In a neglected form, they affect branches. If the development of the disease is not stopped in time, then a plant that has lost foliage will die. Septoriosis is treated with preparations containing copper. Powdery mildew is also manifested in spots on the foliage, but a light gray color. If the bush is affected by this disease, it will not be able to survive the winter. Powdery mildew is treated with special fungicides.
Breeding methods
There are four ways to reproduce hydrangeas:
Cuttings.
Division of the bush.
Layering.
Seeds
The latter option is the most time-consuming and is suitable only for professional gardeners who ate the “dog” in this craft. It is better for a beginner to pay attention to the first three methods. The division of the bush, which we already wrote about above, is simple: the plant is carefully dug up and divided into two parts. Renal buds should remain on each part with roots. After that, they are planted in two different pits. Cuttings are the most popular method of plant propagation. The shoot is nibbled from an adult bush. Cuttings from side branches are obtained with the highest quality. The slice should be done under the node or under the kidney. Cuttings are bundled, cut off unnecessary leaves, leaving on each one or two with buds.
From below, the beam is treated with a growth stimulator. They are planted in drained soil at an angle. Rooted cuttings usually per month at temperatures of 15-25 degrees. Cuttings are carried out in the middle of summer. To propagate layering, the lateral branches of the mother bush are bent to the ground and pinned, dug in shallow holes. First, on the branches, you need to make incisions in which matches are inserted. Such tissue damage will contribute to accelerated root formation. Sprinkled shoots sprinkled with a mixture of peat and soil. They need to be watered regularly. After the formation of a complete root system, the plant can be separated from the mother and transplanted to another place.
What to plant next to hydrangea - choose partners and partners
Hydrangeas go well with lilac bushes. Large inflorescences of plants are in harmony with each other, emphasizing the splendor and even light solemnity of design. Small flowers of spirea and chubushnik are another option for hydrangea brushes. Since all species are hygrophilous, bushes can be planted near the pond. In this zone, they are combined with thickets of incense and astilbe.Another option for group planting is combining with other shrubs in the hedge (boxwood, cotoneaster, juniper). You can experiment and plant hydrangea next to the flowers of the "royal blood": lilies or roses. For a weaving species, clematis or ivy is suitable as a neighbor.
Hydrangea in the landscape design of the garden and cottage
Hydrangea, due to its unpretentiousness, a wealth of shapes and colors, has become popular in landscape design. And what other flower can you still change the color yourself to suit your mood or the palette of the site? It is often found in mixborders, rock gardens, decorative compositions and as a hedge. Hydrangea is suitable for both group and single stands. Versatility, beauty, a long flowering period, ease of care - these are the very qualities for which landscape designers appreciate this flower.
Hydrangea and design styles
Hydrangea is universal. It can be integrated into any stylistic solution. It is possible to spoil the plot with flowers only if they have an untidy, groomed appearance. Hydrangea fits perfectly with the Japanese ethnic style. In a minimalistic design, she was always a welcome guest. Lush inflorescences will complement the diversity of the garden, decorated in the styles of country, art nouveau, naturgarden, ethnic. The last group of directions deserves special attention. Hydrangea organically flows into chaotic, lush plantings of the Moorish style, as well as into restrained, austere English composition ensembles.
Creating a hydrangea flower bed
Low, neatly trimmed hydrangea shrubs are suitable for neat flower beds near the house and along walkways. High plantations will become the center of free composition, a discount, a mixborder or a live fence tape.Since hydrangea is a perennial, a flowerbed of continuous flowering should be protected with stunted coniferous plants, which will emphasize the colorfulness of the "core" of the composition. The place for a flower garden is cleaned from weed, dig and fertilize. Combine the components of the composition in shades and heights. If the flower bed is adjacent to a fence or other barrier, that is, it is one-sided, then first plant tall plants, gradually moving to those that are lower. If the flower garden is located in the center (for example, between garden paths), then tall flowers are placed in the center.
Conclusion
Hydrangea is an amazing flower with a long history. Although it has long ceased to be considered exotic in our country, the plant still conquers the hearts of gardeners with a combination of simplicity and sophistication. If you are just starting to work in the garden, you have little experience in growing green spaces, then unpretentious hydrangea will be a good option for the first experiment.
According to the botanical classification, hydrangea belongs to the family of the same name. Now these flowers bloom profusely in the gardens and majestically sit in pots on the windowsills, peering out of the windows. In Europe, hydrangea appeared more than six centuries ago. At different times, the exotic plant was brought from North America and Asia to France and England. Like any wonder, it cost a lot of money and replenished the collections of only wealthy people. In Europe, initially hydrangea was represented in only two colors: scarlet and white. Subsequently, thanks to the work of breeders, inflorescences of new colors appeared. Although hydrangea grows in the vast territories of North and South America, the Far East of Russia and Asia, the flower is most widely spread in China and Japan. IN
The country of the rising sun was given the name Adzisai, which translates from kanji as "purple sunny flower."The most violent thickets of hydrangea can be seen in the ancient Japanese city, one of the former capitals of the country - Kamakura. In addition to the Buddha statue and numerous Shinto shrines, there is Meigetsu-in or Adzisai-dera, which translates as "Temple of Hydrangea." The complex has existed since 1160 and during this time the buildings were carefully surrounded by bright blue clouds of Princess hydrangea inflorescences. In early summer, the temple turns into a huge fragrant garden that attracts tourists. Now it is not difficult to get such magnificence for your home. Let's find out about the vagaries of hydrangea gardening, the features of its cultivation and species classification.
Content
Hydrangea Features
The exact age of hydrangea has not yet been established. Scientists sometimes give out fantastic numbers of tens of millions of years. They have a reason for such statements: independent excavations on different continents have shown that plant seeds have been preserved in the thickness of the earth since the time of the Cenozoic era. The first botanist who introduced the general public to hydrangea was John Bartram.Self-taught, an enthusiast, he independently organized an expedition to the Appalachian mountains in 1732, where he discovered more than one new species of plants that were previously unknown to science. Among them was tree hydrangea. It was her first who was brought to the Old World from the New. The European name "hydrangea" was given to the plant by the French botanist and naturalist Philibert Commerson. It came from the Latin "hortus", which translates as "garden". Subsequently, in a later classification, hydrangea was renamed "hydrangea", which in Greek means "vessel with water." According to the generally accepted opinion, the flower received a new name because of the special shape of the seed boxes, which resembled small jugs. Although the official name changed, and in the textbooks they began to name the hydrangea differently, the very name that the Commerson plant called was used in everyday life.
However, due to the large number of “pretenders” that could stir up Commerson’s soul, the true inspirer named Hortense among historical figures could not be calculated. The second homeland of the flower is Japan. It was practically impossible to get rare species in this country and export them to the Middle Ages. Since 1639, it has become closed to foreigners. Enthusiasts had to get out, inventing original ways to export plants. The botanist Karl Tunberg and the doctor Philipp von Siebolz discovered two more varieties for the rest of the world: large-leaved hydrangea and panicled, respectively. The latter even paid for his activities with a couple of years spent in Japanese dungeons. After that, the doctors were expelled from the country without the right to return, but he still preserved valuable sprouts and brought them to Holland. In parallel, another variety was introduced from China, which was called the hydrangea of Joseph Banks in honor of the founder of Kew Gardens in England, where he was first planted.
The furor produced by the novelty came to naught after a couple of years, and the flower was undeservedly forgotten.True, oblivion did not last long (when compared with the age of the plant), only a couple of decades, and today we can observe a new boom in beautiful hydrangea, which delights with the splendor of inflorescences and the variety of colors.
Immediately after appearing in the Old World, the first batch of flowers went into private collections and personal greenhouses. Just a couple of sprouts hit Belgium. In this country, back in the Middle Ages, the city of Ghent flourished (both figuratively and literally). Subsequently, he received the unofficial status of "City of Flowers." For several centuries, several private households grew the most unusual, exotic plants for Europe, which they subsequently sold. Business went uphill, as large greenhouses and conservatories with which the rich people decorated their mansions came into fashion. To this day, every five years in Ghent, the Ghent Floralia Flower Festival is held. They began to grow hydrangea “on an industrial scale” here at the beginning of the last century. The flower business was shared among several local families. Although mainly indoor species grow in greenhouses, they have repeatedly received the highest awards at various competitions and festivals.
Lush clusters of inflorescences, buried in green leaves, are really worthy of the attention of gardeners. In addition to a luxurious appearance, the flower has an easygoing character and practically does not show whims. The only thing hydrangea literally can’t live without is abundant watering. The plant loves water, but it has developed a more complex relationship with the sun: it will delight you with flowers, growing even in the shady zone of the garden. Tall bushes can serve as hedges on the site. A variety of flowers and even different shades of inflorescences on the same bush, allow you to add new colors to the landscape palette and pick a tone for the mood.
Species and varieties
The genus Hydrangea unites several dozen species.Regarding their exact number, nerds have no consensus. As usual, disputes do not subside in the scientific community: they require to combine some species into one, and vice versa - to divide on the basis of significant differences between plants. Hydrangea grows not only in the form of shrubs, but also trees and even vines. Consider the top ten species that have gained the greatest popularity among gardeners.
Large-leaved hydrangea or garden
Large-leaved hydrangea or garden hydrangea is a shrub that can reach a height of up to 4 m. It has wide leaves with sharp tips, generously covering the branches. Pink flowers are collected in panicle inflorescences. In cultivars, blue and white are still found. Unlike other species of the genus Hydrangea, this plant loves the sun and can be planted in places with weak penumbra. It is this species, in spite of the "garden" name, that is actively planted in pots and placed on window sills. Prefers medium and slightly acidic soils. Depending on their acidity, it can change the color of inflorescences. To maintain the plant, which was planted in alkaline soil, experts recommend watering it with a solution containing salts. It has low resistance to frost, which is why in open ground it grows only in the south of Russia. In other regions, it is grown in closed greenhouses and conservatories. To increase the frost resistance of a plant is possible only with the help of proper care and abundant watering in the summer. Inflorescences will be formed on last year's shoots, so keeping them is the main task of the gardener. If you nevertheless take a chance and plant hydrangea in open ground in the middle lane, then in the winter the bush will have to be safely covered. You can use the same materials as for delicate garden roses. It grows quickly, propagates well by cuttings.
Panicle hydrangea
Panicled Hydrangea - shrubs and trees that can grow up to 10 m in height.This species, originally from Asia, we have already mentioned. The natural range of panicled hydrangea is China, Japan and the Russian Far East. Although the crown of decorative trees is quite wide, their roots are not deep, only 0.5-1 m in the thickness of the soil. Prefers loose forest soils.
Mostly grows on the edges and clearings. Inflorescences, unlike garden hydrangea, have the shape of pyramids and can reach up to 25 cm in diameter. Leaves of elongated trees densely cover the twigs. Snow-white flowers bloom at the end of June and wither at the end of October. It is interesting that the fruiting inflorescences, which are located in the middle of the bunch, fall off early, and the barren, framing the "pyramid", partially turn pink over time and keep up until the first frosts. Panicled hydrangea grows very quickly, if climatic conditions contribute to this. Well propagated by cuttings. If you plant hydrangea from a seed, then the first flowering can be observed only in the fourth year of growth.
Bretschneider hydrangea or groundcover
Hortensia Bretschneider got its name in honor of the Russian botanist and geographer. Shrubs can have a crown with a diameter of up to 3 m and extend up to a height of 4 m, as well as large-leaf hydrangea. In the middle latitudes of Russia it can freeze. It blooms throughout the summer and early fall. It has wide, very large (the largest in the genus) leaves of a slightly elongated shape with characteristic "notches" along the contour. The flowers are also large, collected in typical brushes for most species, but less lush than that of hydrangea garden or panicled. Has a superficial root system.
Inflorescences at the beginning of flowering are white, subsequently darken and become saturated purple.Leaves, initially having a milky green hue, subsequently darken and by September become dark brown. Prefers acidic or neutral soils. Like other representatives of the species, he likes plentiful watering, but grows poorly in the shade. The plant must be fed with compounds rich in iron and magnesium. Pruning is carried out in the spring before sap flow. Weak shoots are removed to a well-developed node. If the time with pruning was missed and the sap flow has already begun, then you can remove weak and frozen shoots after releasing the leaves. Looks great in mixborders and as a hedge. It gets along well with perennials.
Petiole or climbing hydrangea
Petiole or climbing hydrangea is a unique weaving species that does not have a trunk. If we compare the plant with other representatives of the genus, then the flower is extremely unpretentious. All he needs is abundant watering and free space for lush growth. It has wide leaves and white inflorescences collected in lush brushes. Hydrangea petiole is frost-resistant, but it is better to shelter young shoots for the first couple of years for the winter.
It is classified into several varieties: cordifolia, petiolaris, Miranda, climbing vine. Prefers partial shade. Ideal for decorating facades of houses, porches, verandas, arbors, pergolas and patios. It can easily replace grapes, hops, clematis or ivy. Planted in slightly acidic soil. Often becomes a target for insect pests. It has a poorly developed, superficial root system. It requires systematic top dressing (especially in the early years). Well propagated by cuttings and with the help of bends. Cuttings are cut in the middle of spring, and bends are simply dug near the bush in pre-fed soil.
Hydrangea ashen or gray
Ashen hydrangea got its name because of the gray shade of the leaves on the back. Has large brushes of white inflorescences. Cultivars can be blue or pink. The birthplace of ashen hydrangea is considered to be North America. In our country, the plant has not received wide popularity, although the period of its flowering takes almost three months (from July to September). Prefers slightly acidic and neutral soils. It does not tolerate lime impurities or too dense soil, wetlands. Likes plentiful watering, partial shade.
Shrubs can reach a height of 2 m. They have a wide crown. They require regular trimming, without which they acquire a neglected and groomed look. During pruning, the strongest branches are formed, which will become the "skeleton" of the bush. Subsequently, the shoots are cut off immediately after the swelling of the kidneys, after which the plants are fed. It is advisable to shelter young bushes for the winter.
Hydrangea
Tree hydrangea is widespread in the open spaces of North America. Shrubs grow up to 3 m in height. The leaves are wide, and the inflorescences are collected in lush white brushes. The plant is hardy and can survive a short dry period. Prefers well-moistened soil. The weak point of tree hydrangea is sensitivity to drafts.
In the garden for her, it is better to choose a quiet place in the shade, surrounded by natural barriers that will not allow the wind to clear up. The flowering period stretches from mid-July to October. In the Russian climate, it can freeze. Every year at the end of spring, you need to trim the shoots almost to the root. In the future, they can be used as cuttings. To enhance the health of hydrangea, it is recommended to water it with a weak potassium permanganate solution along the trunk.
Hydrangea oak
Hydrangea is oak-leaved, as well as ashy, native to the southern regions of North America.The species is not resistant, therefore, in our latitudes it is not grown in open ground, but is ideal for a closed greenhouse. It has luxurious pyramidal "clusters" of inflorescences and large leaves with serrated lobes similar to grape ones. By autumn, the foliage becomes purplish-purple.
The inflorescences are initially snow-white, toward the end of the flowering period they turn pink. Prefers slightly acidic soils. Allowed landing in alkaline, but with the introduction of the correct acid fertilizing. It does not tolerate even short dry periods. Requires regular, plentiful watering. Prefers partial shade with light, diffused light. The oak hydrangea must be fertilized twice a year: in early spring and immediately before flowering. In winter, the bushes need to be covered.
Hydrangea radiant
This species is also native to North America. It has low resistance to frost, therefore, in the middle zone of Russia in the open ground is not grown. Shrub reaches 2 m in height. Has magnificent brushes of inflorescences painted in white. The leaves are large, with characteristic small notches and an elongated tip. Branches are unevenly covered. The flowering period is quite short (July-August). Compared with other representatives of the species, radiant hydrangea boasts the fastest growth rates.
In Russia, it takes root only in the southern regions. In winter, not only the ground part of the plant is necessarily covered, but also the delicate root system. The process of growing radiant hydrangea from seeds is very laborious. The soil has been prepared since the fall. Later on, young shoots will have to be regularly fed and sheltered from night frosts. Planting seedlings is much simpler: it is enough to mulch them, pour over with settled water and generously feed them. Likes partial shade and slightly acidic soil.
Serrated Hydrangea
Serrated hydrangea - a lush shrub reaching a height of up to 1.5 m. The leaves are small, spindle-shaped with a sharp tip. At the beginning of flowering, they have a rich, dense green hue. Inflorescences are gathered in loose brushes. May change color depending on soil acidity. In slightly acidic soil, the flowering core flowers have a deep blue hue, and the barren edges are blue with a white border. There is also a beautiful lilac color. Before fading, sterile flowers turn pink at the edges of the brush. The flowering period lasts from July to September. If the climate is not suitable for the plant or it has not received proper care, then this period is reduced to August. The most popular variety of serratus hydrangea is considered Blue Bird. The Blue Bird inflorescences have an unusual blue-violet-purple color. Like most representatives of the genus, serrate hydrangea prefers slightly acidic soils, places with diffused light and abundant watering.
When grown in open ground in central Russia, the plant must be sheltered for the winter. In the southern regions, additional insulation is not required, but subject to the absence of sudden temperature changes. In addition to cuttings, serratin hydrangea is well propagated by division. The bush is completely dug out of the soil and divided into two parts with the condition that the kidneys of renewal remain on each.
Hydrangea Sargent
Sargent Hydrangea is a luxurious, tall shrub native to China. It was named after the prominent American botanist who became the first director of the Botanical Garden at Harvard University. The shrub can reach a height of up to 4 m. It has hard twigs covered with villi. The leaves are large, velvety, slightly elongated. Flowers are collected in inflorescences in the form of flat umbrellas. Fruiting have a rich lilac, and sterile at the edges - snow-white color. The species is characterized by a short flowering period from early July to early August.
In the middle zone of Russia, fruit boxes do not have time to ripen. It is almost impossible to independently grow hydrangea from seeds, therefore it is propagated vegetatively (by cuttings and layering). Shrubs carefully shelter for the winter. The ground part of the plant very often freezes, but with proper care it is quickly restored. It prefers acidic and slightly acidic soils. It requires abundant watering, like other types of hydrangea.
Features of the cultivation and care of hydrangea in the open ground
As we mentioned earlier, this plant can not be classified as capricious. For example, if you compare it with the queen of flowers - a rose that reacts sharply to any climate change or in the care schedule, then hydrangea is a meek and unpretentious lady. Irregular watering is the only thing she will not put up with under any circumstances. Several varieties of hydrangeas can withstand short-term drought, but this is rather the exception to the rule. As with any other garden flower, care for it must be carried out according to certain rules, which we will get to know later.
Site selection, soil preparation and bush planting
Plant hydrangea is recommended in the spring. The soil can be prepared in the fall, thoroughly loosening it and adding fertilizer. Since in all types of hydrangea (even trees), the root system is superficial, that is, the shoots do not penetrate deep into the soil, preferring to stretch to the sides, a pit 0.7 m deep is enough. The place should be reliably protected from the wind. Direct sunlight will cause the shrub to dry, so it is better to choose a partial shade. Perhaps a tall tree with a wide crown grows nearby. The scattered light that will penetrate the foliage is the best option for hydrangea.
The plant prefers loose, acidic or slightly acidic soil. Peat and fertilizers should be poured into the dug hole. Its width should be twice the size of the root system of the seedling.They take it out of the pot, shake it well and cover it with soil mixed with compost. The lump of land with a seedling should rise slightly above the ground. The soil is rammed, watered and mulched.
Watering, fertilizing and mulching
Up to 50 liters of water are poured onto adult bushes at a time. If the soil around hydrangea is mulled, then volumes can be reduced. During the summer, the earth around the shrub should be loosened (up to 5 cm deep) at least three to four times. During flowering, faded shoots must be removed in a timely manner. Topping the bush is carried out twice a year: in the spring and after the end of the flowering period. For these purposes, buy special compounds that are balanced specifically for hydrangea. It is better to mulch the earth with fir needles or shredded bark.
Pruning rules
During the first four years (before the first flowering), hydrangea is not pruned at all. In the fifth year, in early spring, immediately after the swelling of the buds, the branches are pruned by about a third. Three to six kidneys should be left. For hydrangea oak-leafed pruning can not be carried out at all, since it blooms on last year's shoots.
What to do to change the color of the inflorescence
The color of hydrangea inflorescences can be changed personally. We already mentioned this feature of the flower: the plant reacts sharply to changes in soil acidity, which manifests itself in a change in the shades of the petals. So that they temporarily repainted in blue, it is enough to pour hydrangea with a weak solution of manganese. Inflorescences will return to white immediately after stopping watering. To get a blue tint, the bush is watered with a weak solution of alum or aluminum sulfate. A solution with a low concentration of iron sulfate will turn purple.
Winter preparations
The soil around the shrub should be hardened and mulched. Then cut off faded shoots and lower leaves.Pruning the latter contributes to lignification of the trunk, that is, the formation of natural protection against frost. Panicled and groundcover hydrangea can not be covered for the winter. These two species are considered the most frost-resistant. The rest will have to be additionally insulated. You can use spruce branches or non-woven material. If the bush is tall, then it is tied to a support so that the branches do not break under the weight of snow. The sheltering procedure is carried out in early October immediately after the first timid frosts. Very young shrubs simply fall asleep with a mixture of soil and fallen leaves.
The fight against diseases and pests of hydrangea
Hydrangea is quite resistant to disease, but with improper care or inappropriate conditions may begin to wither. The two main dangers for the flower are chlorosis and fungal diseases (white, gray rot). The first disease develops with a lack of iron. If the shoots dry, the leaves turn yellow and twist, and the inflorescences are deformed, then it is time to nourish the bush with a solution containing iron. White rot and gray rot are fungal diseases that first affect the root system. The first sign of infection is a characteristic fluff on the trunk and branches. They treat diseases with special fungicides. Damaged branches prune.
Less commonly, hydrangea is affected by septoria. The first sign of the disease is the appearance of black spots on the leaves. In a neglected form, they affect branches. If the development of the disease is not stopped in time, then a plant that has lost foliage will die. Septoriosis is treated with preparations containing copper. Powdery mildew is also manifested in spots on the foliage, but a light gray color. If the bush is affected by this disease, it will not be able to survive the winter. Powdery mildew is treated with special fungicides.
Breeding methods
There are four ways to reproduce hydrangeas:
The latter option is the most time-consuming and is suitable only for professional gardeners who ate the “dog” in this craft. It is better for a beginner to pay attention to the first three methods. The division of the bush, which we already wrote about above, is simple: the plant is carefully dug up and divided into two parts. Renal buds should remain on each part with roots. After that, they are planted in two different pits. Cuttings are the most popular method of plant propagation. The shoot is nibbled from an adult bush. Cuttings from side branches are obtained with the highest quality. The slice should be done under the node or under the kidney. Cuttings are bundled, cut off unnecessary leaves, leaving on each one or two with buds.
From below, the beam is treated with a growth stimulator. They are planted in drained soil at an angle. Rooted cuttings usually per month at temperatures of 15-25 degrees. Cuttings are carried out in the middle of summer. To propagate layering, the lateral branches of the mother bush are bent to the ground and pinned, dug in shallow holes. First, on the branches, you need to make incisions in which matches are inserted. Such tissue damage will contribute to accelerated root formation. Sprinkled shoots sprinkled with a mixture of peat and soil. They need to be watered regularly. After the formation of a complete root system, the plant can be separated from the mother and transplanted to another place.
What to plant next to hydrangea - choose partners and partners
Hydrangeas go well with lilac bushes. Large inflorescences of plants are in harmony with each other, emphasizing the splendor and even light solemnity of design. Small flowers of spirea and chubushnik are another option for hydrangea brushes. Since all species are hygrophilous, bushes can be planted near the pond. In this zone, they are combined with thickets of incense and astilbe.Another option for group planting is combining with other shrubs in the hedge (boxwood, cotoneaster, juniper). You can experiment and plant hydrangea next to the flowers of the "royal blood": lilies or roses. For a weaving species, clematis or ivy is suitable as a neighbor.
Hydrangea in the landscape design of the garden and cottage
Hydrangea, due to its unpretentiousness, a wealth of shapes and colors, has become popular in landscape design. And what other flower can you still change the color yourself to suit your mood or the palette of the site? It is often found in mixborders, rock gardens, decorative compositions and as a hedge. Hydrangea is suitable for both group and single stands. Versatility, beauty, a long flowering period, ease of care - these are the very qualities for which landscape designers appreciate this flower.
Hydrangea and design styles
Hydrangea is universal. It can be integrated into any stylistic solution. It is possible to spoil the plot with flowers only if they have an untidy, groomed appearance. Hydrangea fits perfectly with the Japanese ethnic style. In a minimalistic design, she was always a welcome guest. Lush inflorescences will complement the diversity of the garden, decorated in the styles of country, art nouveau, naturgarden, ethnic. The last group of directions deserves special attention. Hydrangea organically flows into chaotic, lush plantings of the Moorish style, as well as into restrained, austere English composition ensembles.
Creating a hydrangea flower bed
Low, neatly trimmed hydrangea shrubs are suitable for neat flower beds near the house and along walkways. High plantations will become the center of free composition, a discount, a mixborder or a live fence tape.Since hydrangea is a perennial, a flowerbed of continuous flowering should be protected with stunted coniferous plants, which will emphasize the colorfulness of the "core" of the composition. The place for a flower garden is cleaned from weed, dig and fertilize. Combine the components of the composition in shades and heights. If the flower bed is adjacent to a fence or other barrier, that is, it is one-sided, then first plant tall plants, gradually moving to those that are lower. If the flower garden is located in the center (for example, between garden paths), then tall flowers are placed in the center.
Conclusion
Hydrangea is an amazing flower with a long history. Although it has long ceased to be considered exotic in our country, the plant still conquers the hearts of gardeners with a combination of simplicity and sophistication. If you are just starting to work in the garden, you have little experience in growing green spaces, then unpretentious hydrangea will be a good option for the first experiment.