Finishing the basement of a private house: design ideas
The appearance of housing is often judged by its owner, despite the fact that they can be the exact opposite of each other. Therefore, each owner is very kind to his monastery, and those who do not even think about it make a big mistake. The choice of color, the correct stylistic design, the arrangement of the facade, the roof, the finishing of the basement of a private house, along with the excellent interior of the premises, allows you to achieve the desired result.
Particular attention should be paid to the foot of the building, lying on the foundation. It is the transitional part from the base to the wall that is constantly exposed to the negative effects of precipitation, so the cladding for this area of the structure is simply necessary. It provides reliable heat and waterproofing of the foundation, protection against mechanical damage, and also has a decorative function.
The protruding part of the foundation, in contact with the facade of the building, is constantly exposed to various kinds of influences:
Chemical. Precipitation, dirt, reagents fall on the surface;
Biological. Partially, the foundation is in the soil, interacts with organisms living in the soil;
Physical. Daily, seasonal changes in temperature, humidity;
Mechanical. Blowing by the winds that carry different grains of sand.
In view of these circumstances, the increased load experienced by this part of the building, it must be protected. The choice of materials for facing, as well as the conduct of the work itself, should be approached thoroughly, taking into account the following requirements that raw materials for finishing must meet:
Moisture resistance. The material is obliged to reliably protect the wall from rain, snow, condensate, so that moisture can not get to the surface of the base, does not penetrate the finish. Otherwise, this can lead to the destruction of not only the foot of the building, but also its facade. In a humid environment, fungus and mold often appear, which cause an unpleasant odor.
Resistance to mechanical damage. A stone or tile must have a high level of strength, together with the transitional part they hold the entire load created by the walls of the structure, evenly distribute it along the base.
Thermal conductivity. It allows you to keep warm in the house, serves as an additional insulation.
Immunity to temperature changes. Due to the properties of the material decrease and expand as a result of temperature fluctuations, cracks may appear on the surface of the cladding, which will lead to a decrease in moisture resistance, frost resistance, and in the future to the destruction of raw materials.
Need for decoration
Since the basement of a private house is located above the ground, according to the standards, its height should be at least 20 cm. It is constantly in sight, subject to various influences, therefore its facing plays an important role, it allows to solve a number of problems, namely:
If you leave the surface of the protruding basement without sheathing, then under the influence of dirt, precipitation, aggressive chemical and organic substances, it will slowly collapse.
The right choice of materials that correspond to the general style of the building will allow you to transform the building, give it the best look, and turn it into a masterpiece of design art.
The decoration protects the foundation of the structure from mold, fungus, and prevents the access of insects and rodents.
Tiles, stone, plaster retain heat well, allow building insulation, and also protect the supporting structure from frost, preventing erosion.
What preparatory work should be done before finishing
It is very important to thoroughly and efficiently complete the preparation of the base before sheathing. This will strengthen the structure, increase the waterproofing and thermal insulation of the entire building. But it should be noted that this type of work must be done in the warm season, observing the following procedure:
A trench is dug around the entire perimeter of the structure. Its depth is 30-50 cm, width - 50 cm.
The surface of the basement and basement is cleaned of earth, mold, moss, and other contaminants. Showered items are removed.
The entire wall, as well as the base to the upper edge of the lining, is leveled, treated with antiseptics, a primer, covered with a layer of waterproofing, on top of which a heater made of polyurethane, foam, EPS boards is installed. Elements are attached using special dowels with umbrellas.
The bottom of the recess is leveled and compacted, covered with a layer of gravel or small-gravel crushed stone by 10-15 cm, as well as sand - 10 cm. Each layer is alternately spilled with water and compacted using a manual rammer.
Next, thermal insulation is laid. For this, EPS plates (extruded polystyrene foam) can be used.
A vapor barrier is placed on top of the insulating layer.
Alternately, over one wall, a formwork is constructed, with the help of which a concrete blind area is formed.
It remains only to finish with the cap. To do this, a reinforcing mesh is mounted on top of the insulation, the plane is covered with a layer of plaster, another type of cladding.
Varieties of basement designs
Many people, like novice builders, do not always understand what the base of the structure means. In fact, this is the foot of the building. For strip foundations - the protruding part of the base itself, located above the ground, or a section of the wall that forms the basement. For columnar or pile structures, the wall between the columns, reaching the grillage.
There are three main options for the construction of the base, which are used in the design of houses:
The dropping down. Depth 5-8 cm in relation to the outer wall. Such a device is recommended for houses in which there is no basement. In terms of protecting the base from precipitation is the most reliable. Here waterproofing and a layer of insulation are well hidden.
The speaker. A good option, when the building has thin external walls, a basement is equipped under the house. Such a structure requires additional consumption of building material, but it looks more solid.
Level. The simplest in execution, but needs additional waterproofing protection, arrangement of low tides. With this model of construction, it is difficult to install thermal insulation and carry out finishing work.
Arrangement, varieties and installation technology of ebbs for the base and foundation
The junction of the base with the supporting wall is most susceptible to moisture penetration through the gap between the structural elements. As a result, the materials may become wet. Even with waterproofing, there is no complete certainty that flowing water will not fall under it. To solve this problem, ebbs located above the cladding are used.
The cheapest option is plastic models. They are characterized by a high level of water resistance, but they do not tolerate low temperatures, and it is also a very fragile material that can crack and crack under mechanical stress.
One of the most durable is the castings made of copper, aluminum, as well as steel. Their cost is in the middle price category. At the same time, the products are immune to moisture, tolerate temperature changes well. Mounting building material is simple, performed using self-tapping screws.
For protruding foundations with brick or stone cladding, concrete overhangs will be a good solution. To increase their strength, ductility, frost resistance, special plasticizers are added to the mixture during manufacture.
One of the most expensive products is a clinker tile structure. Clinker is resistant to various external factors, mechanical damage. Some models are coated with a layer of glaze.
When choosing a low tide, you should not save; buy cheap plastic options. It is better to give preference to more expensive, for example, stainless steel products, whose durability exceeds the service life of a residential building.
Choosing a suitable visor, you can begin to install it. The installation of each particular model will depend on the material from which it is made, as well as on the structure of the building. For example, for wooden walls, it’s better to use plastic or metal options,which are fastened with self-tapping screws. For brick, concrete structures, tiled, stone, it is better to install concrete or clinker structures that are laid on the mortar. Moreover, their installation is carried out during wall cladding, but if the finish is ready, it is better to use metal products. Before starting installation, it is necessary to carry out preparatory measures. Seal the junction of the base with the load-bearing wall using the level to make markings.
Installation of metal and plastic tides
Low tides are selected depending on the color, texture of the future facade and the personal preferences of the owner. Elements should be in harmony with all finishing materials. Otherwise, they will stand out unprofitable, and the slightest flaw and curvature will catch the eye. Good performance characteristics have metal, plastic products.
Metal castings are made according to the size of the customer. You can leave them natural looking or painted. Installation starts from the corner. For correct calculations, use special corners that come with the straps. All products are the same in color and size. At the next stage, the protruding parts of the building are finished.
According to preliminary calculations, low tides are marked. At the necessary points, at a distance of 50 cm, holes are drilled, applied to the wall and fixed with dowels and self-tapping screws. The lower part is attached to the foundation with an identical pitch. At the junction of the ebb and the wall, you need to go with silicone sealant or putty. The plating of the straight sections is carried out last. Elements are overlapped.
Installation of concrete and clinker tides
Such ebbs are mounted in front of or with the facade cladding, since fitting them in size after complete installation will be difficult. It is better to use concrete, clinker structures in combination with a socle made of natural stone, porcelain stoneware, and brick.
The ebbs are fixed on a special adhesive composition for outdoor use. Installation begins from the corner. To minimize the processing of dense material, it should immediately be correctly positioned. It is necessary to calculate the length of the ebb in advance, taking into account the dimensions of the parts, the width of the seam, the number of defective, corner elements. If necessary, pruning is done with a tile cutter or grinder.
The back side of each tile is treated with glue. Clinker has special grooves in the form of a dovetail for high-quality filling of the mixture. All elements must be fixed strictly according to the intended line. After complete drying, the joints are treated with putty and proceed to the facing of the building.
Waterproofing
The life of the house depends on the quality of the waterproofing of the base. The foot is affected by multiple negative factors - melting snow, groundwater. So that the building does not begin to prematurely collapse, it should be reliably protected. The outer side of the basement requires the most attention. Protect the structure immediately in two planes:
Vertically. Apply water-repellent mixtures and materials;
Horizontally. Lay the roll layers between the outer part of the base and the foundation.
Depending on the type of soil, the depth of groundwater, the climate and other factors, choose the appropriate option for vertical waterproofing. It can be a special protective varnish, bitumen mastic, liquid polymers, synthetic resins. Also, the external facade can be pasted with roofing material. When choosing a method of waterproofing, one should take into account the type of material from which the base is built, and the particulars of decoration. There are several options for protective cladding:
Penetrating. After application, the quartz-cement mixture slowly moves along the microcracks into the depths of concrete, tightly clogging them. The material becomes chemically inert, its strength increases by 30%;
Roll. Apply to any basement structure.For reliability, it uses 2-3 polymer, bitumen, synthetic layers. The rolls are glued to overlap, providing a very high protection against moisture. Joints are lubricated with water-repellent mixtures;
Smear. Apply several layers of liquid mastic to the prepared surface. Bitumen, cement-polymer mixtures do not differ in durability, require protection from external physical impact. After 5 years, they require replacement;
Onscreen. The base is finished with special clay panels overlapping, nails are attached to the dowel;
Brick protection. Waterproofing should be considered at the material procurement stage. Brick should be treated with protective impregnation. On the cleaned surface of such a base, coating is applied, coated with roll insulation.
Warming
The basement must be protected not only from moisture, but also from the effects of the external environment. The greatest harm to waterproofing materials can be caused by cold, low temperature. You can achieve the best result if you choose a high-quality insulation. It should be elastic, like penoplex, durable, freely tolerate physical, chemical influences. Warming of a building is best done with light material that will not exert unnecessary load.
When choosing a product, the technology of its application should be considered. It is better to refuse options with the need to violate the integrity of the structure. Insulate the lower part of a private house from the outside during the construction process, before the onset of cold weather. The following materials retain heat well:
Extruded polystyrene foam. Plates with a thickness of 3-10 cm have a high density, tolerate moderate mechanical, chemical influences. Service life 25 years. Cons - prone to rodents, fragile on bends, requires flame retardant treatment;
Foamed polyurethane foam. Lightweight material is durable and highly inert, does not burn and does not grow moldy.Among the shortcomings, a negative reaction to ultraviolet can be noted. For the distribution of polyurethane on the surface, special equipment is needed;
Mineral wool. The fibrous structure provides good sound insulation, does not burn. Available in mats, rolls. It is installed with the help of a crate made of timber, which should be pre-treated with mixtures against decay;
Thermal panels. They create an optimal indoor microclimate. The probability of getting cold air is minimized. The material has a groove mounting system.
Facing - material selection
The main purpose of the basement cladding is to protect the surface from external influences, erosion processes, biological organisms. Also, do not forget about the general design of the building. The selected finishing material should be in harmony with the coating of the walls of the house, other buildings on the site. Decorative trim should be chosen taking into account the design features and financial capabilities.
Plaster
Decorating the facade with decorative plaster is one of the most difficult ways. The material provides good protection to the waterproofing layer and insulation. It looks beautiful and original. A variety of colors and textures allows you to create any design.
The main plastering of the base is carried out with cement mortar, decor is applied on top. The composition for external use consists of a cementitious base, plasticizers, additives with various properties and a filler. They can be diluted with solvents or plain water. The composition of the plaster for the foundation is divided into the following types:
Mineral A filler - a stone crumb, a basis - a calcareous cement. Durable, vapor-permeable material of an average price category;
Acrylic Fillers create an imitation of textured surfaces - leather, wood, marble, base - acrylic resin. Combustible material must be coated with flame retardants;
Silicone Basis - silicone resins. It has the best performance properties - waterproof, strong, durable, a large selection of colors. Has a high price.
A natural stone
The most practical and durable option for facing the base. Refining with natural material will give the building a beautiful, respectable look. Many owners of country houses choose this difficult method of decoration, although it is not cheap. We must not forget about the great weight of the stone. It is better to choose the material from dense rocks of magmatic origin, corresponding in color and texture to the design plan.
The most durable options for finishing the base are granite, gabbro. It’s easier to work with sandstone and slate. Marble is not recommended, because after a couple of years it will lose its appearance. Loose, sedimentary and light rocks can also not be used. On the shell rock and limestone, dirty spots and smudges from the rain will be immediately visible.
The thickness of the flagstone can be varied. This indicator affects the way the stone is fixed. Elements up to 0.5 meters in area and up to 1 cm thick can be installed on glue or cement mortar. For large formations, additional fasteners should be used.
Finishing with natural stone must be carried out with a small gap, since it is natural for a natural material to change the volume in various situations (change of weather, wet precipitation, decrease, increase in temperature). The size of the empty gap is determined individually for each breed.
Fake diamond
The construction market offers a huge selection of artificial materials for finishing the basement. You can work with them without any training. Products are created in a special way to facilitate styling, have standardized sizes. You can cut and adjust the artificial stone with your own hands with the help of a grinder.
The foundation, lined with artificial elements, is reliably protected from external factors, has excellent aesthetic qualities, is able to decorate any facade. This is a great alternative to natural stone. Affordable building material is distinguished by its appearance and characteristics. It is divided into the following types:
Polymer sand materials. The basis of the composition is headed by sand. It is supplemented by plasticizers, various types of polymers, modifiers. Parts have a lock connection, can be mounted on a crate or glue;
Cement products. The composition includes sand, cement, plasticizers. The texture of the products is achieved using special forms in which the mixture is poured;
Flexible stone. On a fabric base, impregnated with glue, a crumb of sand and rock are applied. For finishing the foundation is rarely used.
Brick tile
Natural tile fully meets all the requirements for the finishing materials of the socle, insulates the structure, is easy to clean. It has minimal water absorption, good chemical inertness. The product is not cheap, its price exceeds porcelain tiles, siding for the foundation.
They make the cladding material from refractory clay by the method of high-temperature single firing. Mineral dyes give decorativeness. To impart high density, it is pressed. Tiles are available in various shapes and sizes, the optimal thickness of the products is 3 centimeters. The surface may have a matte, glossy texture. The basement can be ennobled with models imitating bricks.
Installation of clinker tiles can not be called easy. For work you need only a flat surface, special glue and professional skills. There are several ways to style it, creating a beautiful drawing:
In a run;
Diagonally;
One above the other (horizontal, vertical seams).
Brick brick
The material is much stronger than a simple clay analogue, since it is made by firing. Thanks to special technology, the structure of ceramic products is homogeneous, there are no voids and pores. They are resistant to any mechanical stress. Production technology allows you to make clinker bricks in different colors by adjusting the firing process.
When upgrading the base, the exact installation instructions must be observed. The brick should go in tight rows. The work must begin from the bottom up, creating five layers with subsequent drying, solidification. Excess mortar is removed with a trowel and used for the following items when applying other rows. After installation, the joints are wiped, filled with a special mixture and embroidered.
Base siding
It is necessary to use facade material with exact observance of installation technology. When the temperature changes, it can contract and expand, which will lead to the formation of cracks. There are several types of panels, each of which has different properties. For example, products with thermal insulation can be used for cladding without laying insulation. Also, panels with an additional waterproofing, high strength and others are produced.
Basement siding is externally attractive. Produce variations that mimic the finish with natural materials (stone, brick, wood). Quality panels are difficult to distinguish from natural foundations, even at close range. Foundation products are much thicker than conventional wall panels. They do not have a specific standard. Each manufacturer sets its dimensions. For finishing the base, it is better to choose long and narrow elements. Basement siding is divided into several types, depending on the material:
Metal. The basis is galvanized steel, the coating is a polymer layer. It can imitate various textures;
Vinyl. Basis - polyvinyl chloride.It features a wide range of colors, from pastel colors to bright and saturated. It is inferior in strength to metal elements. The plastic product is ideal for outdoor decoration;
Fiber cement. The basis is cement, modifiers, cellulose reinforcing fibers.
Professional sheet
Using profiled sheets is an affordable, quick way to finish a plinth. They are made of metal by cold rolling. The technology allows to withstand large mechanical, chemical loads, sheathe uneven areas. With proper installation, the life of a flat profiled sheet is 50 years. Compact, fireproof material is easy to install at any time of the year, even in adverse weather conditions (various precipitation, high air temperature). The category of basement finishing materials from profiled sheet has the following varieties:
Bearing flooring. They are made of metal with a minimum thickness of 0.7 mm. It is characterized by excessive strength, due to the large size of the waves, stiffeners;
Wall. They are made of metal with a thickness of 0.4 mm. Profiled sheet with moderate waves, without additional stiffeners. Due to flexibility it requires competent installation;
Universal. The thickness of the material can vary between 0.4-0.8 mm. The height of the waves is different for each brand.
Fiber cement slabs
The choice towards such material is justified and profitable from a financial point of view. The product has a large weight and should only be mounted on a high-quality, reliable crate. A fiber cement board is obtained from a special cement mortar with the addition of additives, which form a protective film on the surface of the finished product. Bulky solid plates have unique properties:
Resistant to all aggressive environments;
Not afraid of fire;
Self-cleaning;
Do not change the density with temperature changes;
Keep high-quality, operational characteristics in any weather conditions.
Manufacturers of fiber cement slabs claim that the product has the same operational life as the foundation. It is not recommended to clad the base of houses at an angle. The need to trim panels at an angle will reduce the life of the skin.
Conclusion
When building a house, carrying out repairs, special attention must be paid to its basement. Not only the appearance of the entire building will depend on this, but also the strength of the structure as a whole. When choosing finishing materials, it is better to give preference to thick-walled, wear-resistant models with such qualities as durability, frost resistance. They must be neutral to moisture, immune to mechanical damage.
The appearance of housing is often judged by its owner, despite the fact that they can be the exact opposite of each other. Therefore, each owner is very kind to his monastery, and those who do not even think about it make a big mistake. The choice of color, the correct stylistic design, the arrangement of the facade, the roof, the finishing of the basement of a private house, along with the excellent interior of the premises, allows you to achieve the desired result.
Particular attention should be paid to the foot of the building, lying on the foundation. It is the transitional part from the base to the wall that is constantly exposed to the negative effects of precipitation, so the cladding for this area of the structure is simply necessary. It provides reliable heat and waterproofing of the foundation, protection against mechanical damage, and also has a decorative function.
Content
Features
The protruding part of the foundation, in contact with the facade of the building, is constantly exposed to various kinds of influences:
In view of these circumstances, the increased load experienced by this part of the building, it must be protected. The choice of materials for facing, as well as the conduct of the work itself, should be approached thoroughly, taking into account the following requirements that raw materials for finishing must meet:
Need for decoration
Since the basement of a private house is located above the ground, according to the standards, its height should be at least 20 cm. It is constantly in sight, subject to various influences, therefore its facing plays an important role, it allows to solve a number of problems, namely:
What preparatory work should be done before finishing
It is very important to thoroughly and efficiently complete the preparation of the base before sheathing. This will strengthen the structure, increase the waterproofing and thermal insulation of the entire building. But it should be noted that this type of work must be done in the warm season, observing the following procedure:
Varieties of basement designs
Many people, like novice builders, do not always understand what the base of the structure means. In fact, this is the foot of the building. For strip foundations - the protruding part of the base itself, located above the ground, or a section of the wall that forms the basement. For columnar or pile structures, the wall between the columns, reaching the grillage.
There are three main options for the construction of the base, which are used in the design of houses:
Arrangement, varieties and installation technology of ebbs for the base and foundation
The junction of the base with the supporting wall is most susceptible to moisture penetration through the gap between the structural elements. As a result, the materials may become wet. Even with waterproofing, there is no complete certainty that flowing water will not fall under it. To solve this problem, ebbs located above the cladding are used.
The cheapest option is plastic models. They are characterized by a high level of water resistance, but they do not tolerate low temperatures, and it is also a very fragile material that can crack and crack under mechanical stress.
One of the most durable is the castings made of copper, aluminum, as well as steel. Their cost is in the middle price category. At the same time, the products are immune to moisture, tolerate temperature changes well. Mounting building material is simple, performed using self-tapping screws.
For protruding foundations with brick or stone cladding, concrete overhangs will be a good solution. To increase their strength, ductility, frost resistance, special plasticizers are added to the mixture during manufacture.
One of the most expensive products is a clinker tile structure. Clinker is resistant to various external factors, mechanical damage. Some models are coated with a layer of glaze.
Choosing a suitable visor, you can begin to install it. The installation of each particular model will depend on the material from which it is made, as well as on the structure of the building. For example, for wooden walls, it’s better to use plastic or metal options,which are fastened with self-tapping screws. For brick, concrete structures, tiled, stone, it is better to install concrete or clinker structures that are laid on the mortar. Moreover, their installation is carried out during wall cladding, but if the finish is ready, it is better to use metal products. Before starting installation, it is necessary to carry out preparatory measures. Seal the junction of the base with the load-bearing wall using the level to make markings.
Installation of metal and plastic tides
Low tides are selected depending on the color, texture of the future facade and the personal preferences of the owner. Elements should be in harmony with all finishing materials. Otherwise, they will stand out unprofitable, and the slightest flaw and curvature will catch the eye. Good performance characteristics have metal, plastic products.
Metal castings are made according to the size of the customer. You can leave them natural looking or painted. Installation starts from the corner. For correct calculations, use special corners that come with the straps. All products are the same in color and size. At the next stage, the protruding parts of the building are finished.
According to preliminary calculations, low tides are marked. At the necessary points, at a distance of 50 cm, holes are drilled, applied to the wall and fixed with dowels and self-tapping screws. The lower part is attached to the foundation with an identical pitch. At the junction of the ebb and the wall, you need to go with silicone sealant or putty. The plating of the straight sections is carried out last. Elements are overlapped.
Installation of concrete and clinker tides
Such ebbs are mounted in front of or with the facade cladding, since fitting them in size after complete installation will be difficult. It is better to use concrete, clinker structures in combination with a socle made of natural stone, porcelain stoneware, and brick.
The ebbs are fixed on a special adhesive composition for outdoor use. Installation begins from the corner. To minimize the processing of dense material, it should immediately be correctly positioned. It is necessary to calculate the length of the ebb in advance, taking into account the dimensions of the parts, the width of the seam, the number of defective, corner elements. If necessary, pruning is done with a tile cutter or grinder.
The back side of each tile is treated with glue. Clinker has special grooves in the form of a dovetail for high-quality filling of the mixture. All elements must be fixed strictly according to the intended line. After complete drying, the joints are treated with putty and proceed to the facing of the building.
Waterproofing
The life of the house depends on the quality of the waterproofing of the base. The foot is affected by multiple negative factors - melting snow, groundwater. So that the building does not begin to prematurely collapse, it should be reliably protected. The outer side of the basement requires the most attention. Protect the structure immediately in two planes:
Depending on the type of soil, the depth of groundwater, the climate and other factors, choose the appropriate option for vertical waterproofing. It can be a special protective varnish, bitumen mastic, liquid polymers, synthetic resins. Also, the external facade can be pasted with roofing material. When choosing a method of waterproofing, one should take into account the type of material from which the base is built, and the particulars of decoration. There are several options for protective cladding:
Warming
The basement must be protected not only from moisture, but also from the effects of the external environment. The greatest harm to waterproofing materials can be caused by cold, low temperature. You can achieve the best result if you choose a high-quality insulation. It should be elastic, like penoplex, durable, freely tolerate physical, chemical influences. Warming of a building is best done with light material that will not exert unnecessary load.
When choosing a product, the technology of its application should be considered. It is better to refuse options with the need to violate the integrity of the structure. Insulate the lower part of a private house from the outside during the construction process, before the onset of cold weather. The following materials retain heat well:
Facing - material selection
The main purpose of the basement cladding is to protect the surface from external influences, erosion processes, biological organisms. Also, do not forget about the general design of the building. The selected finishing material should be in harmony with the coating of the walls of the house, other buildings on the site. Decorative trim should be chosen taking into account the design features and financial capabilities.
Plaster
Decorating the facade with decorative plaster is one of the most difficult ways. The material provides good protection to the waterproofing layer and insulation. It looks beautiful and original. A variety of colors and textures allows you to create any design.
The main plastering of the base is carried out with cement mortar, decor is applied on top. The composition for external use consists of a cementitious base, plasticizers, additives with various properties and a filler. They can be diluted with solvents or plain water. The composition of the plaster for the foundation is divided into the following types:
A natural stone
The most practical and durable option for facing the base. Refining with natural material will give the building a beautiful, respectable look. Many owners of country houses choose this difficult method of decoration, although it is not cheap. We must not forget about the great weight of the stone. It is better to choose the material from dense rocks of magmatic origin, corresponding in color and texture to the design plan.
The most durable options for finishing the base are granite, gabbro. It’s easier to work with sandstone and slate. Marble is not recommended, because after a couple of years it will lose its appearance. Loose, sedimentary and light rocks can also not be used. On the shell rock and limestone, dirty spots and smudges from the rain will be immediately visible.
The thickness of the flagstone can be varied. This indicator affects the way the stone is fixed. Elements up to 0.5 meters in area and up to 1 cm thick can be installed on glue or cement mortar. For large formations, additional fasteners should be used.
Fake diamond
The construction market offers a huge selection of artificial materials for finishing the basement. You can work with them without any training. Products are created in a special way to facilitate styling, have standardized sizes. You can cut and adjust the artificial stone with your own hands with the help of a grinder.
The foundation, lined with artificial elements, is reliably protected from external factors, has excellent aesthetic qualities, is able to decorate any facade. This is a great alternative to natural stone. Affordable building material is distinguished by its appearance and characteristics. It is divided into the following types:
Brick tile
Natural tile fully meets all the requirements for the finishing materials of the socle, insulates the structure, is easy to clean. It has minimal water absorption, good chemical inertness. The product is not cheap, its price exceeds porcelain tiles, siding for the foundation.
They make the cladding material from refractory clay by the method of high-temperature single firing. Mineral dyes give decorativeness. To impart high density, it is pressed. Tiles are available in various shapes and sizes, the optimal thickness of the products is 3 centimeters. The surface may have a matte, glossy texture. The basement can be ennobled with models imitating bricks.
Installation of clinker tiles can not be called easy. For work you need only a flat surface, special glue and professional skills. There are several ways to style it, creating a beautiful drawing:
Brick brick
The material is much stronger than a simple clay analogue, since it is made by firing. Thanks to special technology, the structure of ceramic products is homogeneous, there are no voids and pores. They are resistant to any mechanical stress. Production technology allows you to make clinker bricks in different colors by adjusting the firing process.
When upgrading the base, the exact installation instructions must be observed. The brick should go in tight rows. The work must begin from the bottom up, creating five layers with subsequent drying, solidification. Excess mortar is removed with a trowel and used for the following items when applying other rows. After installation, the joints are wiped, filled with a special mixture and embroidered.
Base siding
It is necessary to use facade material with exact observance of installation technology. When the temperature changes, it can contract and expand, which will lead to the formation of cracks. There are several types of panels, each of which has different properties. For example, products with thermal insulation can be used for cladding without laying insulation. Also, panels with an additional waterproofing, high strength and others are produced.
Basement siding is externally attractive. Produce variations that mimic the finish with natural materials (stone, brick, wood). Quality panels are difficult to distinguish from natural foundations, even at close range. Foundation products are much thicker than conventional wall panels. They do not have a specific standard. Each manufacturer sets its dimensions. For finishing the base, it is better to choose long and narrow elements. Basement siding is divided into several types, depending on the material:
Professional sheet
Using profiled sheets is an affordable, quick way to finish a plinth. They are made of metal by cold rolling. The technology allows to withstand large mechanical, chemical loads, sheathe uneven areas. With proper installation, the life of a flat profiled sheet is 50 years. Compact, fireproof material is easy to install at any time of the year, even in adverse weather conditions (various precipitation, high air temperature). The category of basement finishing materials from profiled sheet has the following varieties:
Fiber cement slabs
The choice towards such material is justified and profitable from a financial point of view. The product has a large weight and should only be mounted on a high-quality, reliable crate. A fiber cement board is obtained from a special cement mortar with the addition of additives, which form a protective film on the surface of the finished product. Bulky solid plates have unique properties:
Manufacturers of fiber cement slabs claim that the product has the same operational life as the foundation. It is not recommended to clad the base of houses at an angle. The need to trim panels at an angle will reduce the life of the skin.
Conclusion
When building a house, carrying out repairs, special attention must be paid to its basement. Not only the appearance of the entire building will depend on this, but also the strength of the structure as a whole. When choosing finishing materials, it is better to give preference to thick-walled, wear-resistant models with such qualities as durability, frost resistance. They must be neutral to moisture, immune to mechanical damage.