The English style in landscape design in his homeland replaced the French. It includes a whole group of directions in which palace, landscape, eclectic, castle parks and Victorian gardens are decorated. Separately, they note the modern stylistic branch - the Garden Cottage. The art of landscape design in England developed in two directions: aristocratic parks and rural gardening. If in the first case only aesthetic appeal mattered, then in the second there was a practical side. For example, the reservoir in the castle park is intended solely to delight the eye, and in the countryside from it took water for irrigation. Rural gardens abounded with fruit trees and spices. In the palace parks, the emphasis was on exotic plants, flower bushes. Over the years, the British began to prefer compact areas with small, cozy houses. After adding light aristocratic features, the rustic English style in landscape design was transformed into a modern garden cottage (literally translated as “garden by the house”).We will get acquainted with a detailed description of the direction and its features.
History: traditions of the English style in landscape design
The history of English style in landscape design began long before summer cottages became a luxurious addition to urban apartments. Initially, the garden was considered as an exceptionally practical addition. It grew fruits that could be eaten. The first who began to allocate separate areas for trees and shrubs were monks. In the Middle Ages, only very wealthy people could afford a full-fledged garden. They hired special staff to take care of the plants, ponds and décor, giving them a neat appearance. Most often, the garden was only part of a castle or palace complex. Then, Protestant Huguenots fled to England from Holland, who brought with them exotic lyredendrons (tulip trees), nasturtiums, beavers (“golden rain”).
Local parks began to be decorated with unusual plants. Symmetry has come into fashion. In the 17th century, the first botanical gardens appeared in Oxford, and then in Edinburgh. An example of a true English style in landscape design was the park at Chiswick Manor, which was created by William Kent. The gardener and architect formulated the basic principles of ethnic direction. The result is an almost natural (often called landscape) landscape, which is occasionally diluted with man-made elements. The English garden does not look wild, it is aesthetically beautiful, but at the same time noble and aristocratic. The landscape is replete with perennials, spices, "classic" bushes and trees that line up in dense lines of tapeworms.At the same time, plantations alternate with “voids” in the form of ponds or spacious lawns. Exotic plot diluted moderately.
The style incorporated the features of the nation that created it. The British are reserved, slightly arrogant, strictness is not alien to them, and the manifestation of violent emotions, in general, is considered a bad manners. All elements of the English garden are perfectly combined with the masonry of the facades of country houses and rare rock gardens. The landscape of the British Isles is full of hills and landscape folds, which are diluted with many rivers, lakes, valleys. All this natural splendor remains untouched, natural decor is only improved by man-made elements. The English garden smoothly passes into the forest. Well-groomed lawns with narrow trails are connected with natural plantings. Thanks to this combination, picturesque landscapes are obtained where the created by man harmoniously coexists with nature in all its natural beauty.
Style features
Landscape designers note a number of features, the combination of which is characteristic only for the English style:
The exterior of the house is included in the overall composition and is an integral part of it. The facade must be landscaped with the help of weaving plants (ivy, clematis, grapes). In ancient English estates, the walls of the house are not visible at all behind the green curtain.
Winding garden paths. When designing, first on the plan place landscape objects and only after that they think over the location of communication lines. Paths go around obstacles and wag around ponds, arbors or green spaces. They are made of stone or bulk materials: sand, gravel, crushed stone, pebbles, wood bark.
The presence of a well-kept ground lawn. The wild Moorish version for stiff and sleek English style does not fit perfectly.
Several large lawns that are interconnected by garden paths.
Landscape ponds.Of course, it is desirable that the site has a natural pond or lake. If there is no reservoir, then it will have to be created artificially, but in such a way that it is as similar as possible to the real one.
The use of perennials and "weeping" trees in landscaping.
The presence of rock gardens and rockeries.
In the garden cottage, there are necessarily attributes of a casual rural life.
Strict geometry.
Despite the natural landscape, the location of each object is clearly verified. Before the implementation of the design project, the layout of ponds, lawns, arbors is carefully adjusted. The main building must be located in the back of the plot, the facade is hidden from the eyes of street passers-by with tree crowns. Pergolas are placed at the intersections of garden paths. Bright, colorful flower beds adorn only the courtyard in front of the house. Sculptural compositions are displayed, it is advisable to place them near the fence. Green spaces are located around the perimeter of the site.
Classical English gardens do not look young, that is, all elements must be carefully aged so that the elusive “spirit of the era” is present in the landscape painting.
Color variety
The English garden is least like the palette of colors of the avant-garde artist. It is characterized by an abundance of green. Moreover, its numerous gradations are used: silver, salad, mint, malachite, spring, mustard, forest, olive, viridian, chartreuse, classic. You can achieve such a tint variety by combining various trees and shrubs. We will talk about what types of plants are planted in English gardens below. Of course, the green carpet is diluted with bright spots, but they mainly enliven the exterior of the main building. It is here that there are even, geometrically regular flower beds. While the flower beds in the rest of the plot are made mainly in calm, pastel colors: delicate pink, soft peach, maroon, neat lilac, pale yellow, white.
Decoration and decor
In English parks and kindergartens little man-made decor is used.However, those decorations that are still present in the landscape landscape automatically become accent zones, precisely because they are in the minority and greatly lose in number of green spaces. The location of important decorative details should be thought out in advance. The designer is armed with a sheet of paper for sketching and a pencil, sketching a plan of the site, then drawing already existing buildings on the drawing. Now that it’s easier to navigate the terrain, you can draw an approximate layout of the decor. From a wide range of landscape decorations, only typical English or antique details should be chosen. The latter are used to design individual nooks and crannies.
Decorative constructions
Two types of material prevail in the design of English plots: wood and stone. The first is used for the manufacture of benches, fences, gates. The lower part of the building facades is trimmed with stone, monumental fences are erected from it, paths are paved. The fence can also be made of brown brick, but it must be supplemented with forged elements so that the structure does not look faceless. Decorative structures include pergolas, arbors, benches, sculptural compositions, scaffolds up to half a meter high. The relief of the site is emphasized by stone stairs. Their steps are decorated with moss, and a rampant mixborder is planted on the sides. As a rule, each garden has its own corner for privacy. It is equipped near a pond or on the border of the site away from a noisy courtyard.
In the center of such a platform, surrounded by benches, they put a gazebo or a statue depicting a person or an animal. Decorate the area with green spaces or a low fence. By the way, benches are located under the trees, along garden paths or near ponds. Pergolas are usually placed directly on the road, that is, support pillars are dug on its sides.In the summer heat, this zone will give those who walk around the site such a welcome shadow. Garden furniture is made of wood with forging elements. It is desirable that the items belong to the baroque, modern or Empire style. The peculiarities of the English landscape include such an unusual decoration as a “wooded theater”. It is drawn up in the most remote part of the site. In the center of wild trees, a small area is arranged. It is decorated with statues, columns, a fountain, trimmed bushes, benches. Thanks to these elements of the antique style, it seems as if there was once a full-fledged building, from which only beautiful ruins remained. Lighting devices choose the classic ones: black lanterns on thin high legs, decorated with openwork shades that exude soft, diffused light.
Garden cottages are often decorated with pavilions or greenhouses. These are compact structures, most of which are occupied by windows. Inside, delicate exotic plants are grown, furniture (chairs, a sofa, a table) is placed. In the pavilions, they relax, hold tea ceremonies, meet guests, read books and do needlework.
Tracks
Tracks, as a rule, are made out by two types of materials. Those that are closer to home are paved with stone, since people walk more often in the yard, which means that the load on the coating increases. The “veins” of moss that fill the voids between fragments of the paved surface will look beautiful. Then the track will get a careless and slightly “abandoned” look. The stone combines well with picturesque, dilapidated brick walls, the failures of which are entwined with hops or ivy. Paths hidden in the depths of the plot are sprinkled with gravel, rubble, sand or crushed bark. If conifers grow in the garden, then the passage under them can be filled with cones. This option looks very original.
Ponds
Ponds in the English style have an irregular shape that mimics the natural shape. A gentle beach is decorated with plants. In the center of the pond place a small fountain or sculpture. Water surface is decorated with water lilies, lilies, duckweed. If the dimensions of the reservoir allow, then a bridge with forged rails is thrown across its middle. One or two benches must be placed near the water. Partially, the beach is decorated with stone steps, which smoothly pass into the rock garden, with large cobblestones.
Plant selection: flowers, shrubs and trees
Hops, clematis, ivy and girl's grapes will become the green background on which flower beds and rock gardens are located. Weaving plants literally wilt the walls of not only the main building, but also the adjacent buildings. In English gardens, spices bloom wildly. From the variety choose tarragon, laurel, turmeric, saffron, basil, rosemary, wild garlic, cloves, coriander and parsnip. The edge of the ponds is decorated with a swimsuit, cattail, kaluga, forget-me-nots, irises and sedge. Among the trees, preference is given to chestnut, mountain ash, larch, birch, oak, thuja and hazel (hazel).
Bushes of euonymus, turf, marshmallow, lilac, elderberry and jasmine are planted around the perimeter of the site. Among the diversity of perennials, the choice is stopped on roses, phlox, common wormwood, giant onions, ferns, incense, rhubarb, catchment, hosts, rogers. The garden cottage uses spireas, daisies, crocuses, galanthus, lilies of the valley, elecampane, dolphiniums, peonies, primrose, asters. Of the flower gardens, preference is given to slightly messy mixborders. Neat single flower beds near the house are placed in stone vases, bowls on tall, thin legs.
Do not forget about rockeries and rock gardens. They are an important part of the English garden, as they emphasize its natural beauty.
Conclusion
The garden in English is suitable for decoration of both luxurious cottages and simple village cottages.The main thing is to comply with the general rules and imbued with the "British spirit". The English garden will be a great option for lazy hosts, as the philosophy of the direction says: the surrounding beauty is created for contemplation, and not for slave labor. Of course, you still have to look after the possessions, but systematically and “unobtrusively”. Sometimes you need to trim the bushes, water the trees and plants in dry periods, clear the beds of weeds. By the way, the British feel anxious feelings towards the topiary. Trimmed bushes are always present on each site. The classic English style needs scope, as palaces and castles were surrounded by spacious land estates. For a garden cottage, a couple of hundredths of a lot is enough to give them a careless natural beauty.
The English style in landscape design in his homeland replaced the French. It includes a whole group of directions in which palace, landscape, eclectic, castle parks and Victorian gardens are decorated. Separately, they note the modern stylistic branch - the Garden Cottage. The art of landscape design in England developed in two directions: aristocratic parks and rural gardening. If in the first case only aesthetic appeal mattered, then in the second there was a practical side. For example, the reservoir in the castle park is intended solely to delight the eye, and in the countryside from it took water for irrigation. Rural gardens abounded with fruit trees and spices. In the palace parks, the emphasis was on exotic plants, flower bushes. Over the years, the British began to prefer compact areas with small, cozy houses. After adding light aristocratic features, the rustic English style in landscape design was transformed into a modern garden cottage (literally translated as “garden by the house”).We will get acquainted with a detailed description of the direction and its features.
Content
History: traditions of the English style in landscape design
The history of English style in landscape design began long before summer cottages became a luxurious addition to urban apartments. Initially, the garden was considered as an exceptionally practical addition. It grew fruits that could be eaten. The first who began to allocate separate areas for trees and shrubs were monks. In the Middle Ages, only very wealthy people could afford a full-fledged garden. They hired special staff to take care of the plants, ponds and décor, giving them a neat appearance. Most often, the garden was only part of a castle or palace complex. Then, Protestant Huguenots fled to England from Holland, who brought with them exotic lyredendrons (tulip trees), nasturtiums, beavers (“golden rain”).
Local parks began to be decorated with unusual plants. Symmetry has come into fashion. In the 17th century, the first botanical gardens appeared in Oxford, and then in Edinburgh. An example of a true English style in landscape design was the park at Chiswick Manor, which was created by William Kent. The gardener and architect formulated the basic principles of ethnic direction. The result is an almost natural (often called landscape) landscape, which is occasionally diluted with man-made elements. The English garden does not look wild, it is aesthetically beautiful, but at the same time noble and aristocratic. The landscape is replete with perennials, spices, "classic" bushes and trees that line up in dense lines of tapeworms.At the same time, plantations alternate with “voids” in the form of ponds or spacious lawns. Exotic plot diluted moderately.
The style incorporated the features of the nation that created it. The British are reserved, slightly arrogant, strictness is not alien to them, and the manifestation of violent emotions, in general, is considered a bad manners. All elements of the English garden are perfectly combined with the masonry of the facades of country houses and rare rock gardens. The landscape of the British Isles is full of hills and landscape folds, which are diluted with many rivers, lakes, valleys. All this natural splendor remains untouched, natural decor is only improved by man-made elements. The English garden smoothly passes into the forest. Well-groomed lawns with narrow trails are connected with natural plantings. Thanks to this combination, picturesque landscapes are obtained where the created by man harmoniously coexists with nature in all its natural beauty.
Style features
Landscape designers note a number of features, the combination of which is characteristic only for the English style:
Despite the natural landscape, the location of each object is clearly verified. Before the implementation of the design project, the layout of ponds, lawns, arbors is carefully adjusted. The main building must be located in the back of the plot, the facade is hidden from the eyes of street passers-by with tree crowns. Pergolas are placed at the intersections of garden paths. Bright, colorful flower beds adorn only the courtyard in front of the house. Sculptural compositions are displayed, it is advisable to place them near the fence. Green spaces are located around the perimeter of the site.
Color variety
The English garden is least like the palette of colors of the avant-garde artist. It is characterized by an abundance of green. Moreover, its numerous gradations are used: silver, salad, mint, malachite, spring, mustard, forest, olive, viridian, chartreuse, classic. You can achieve such a tint variety by combining various trees and shrubs. We will talk about what types of plants are planted in English gardens below. Of course, the green carpet is diluted with bright spots, but they mainly enliven the exterior of the main building. It is here that there are even, geometrically regular flower beds. While the flower beds in the rest of the plot are made mainly in calm, pastel colors: delicate pink, soft peach, maroon, neat lilac, pale yellow, white.
Decoration and decor
In English parks and kindergartens little man-made decor is used.However, those decorations that are still present in the landscape landscape automatically become accent zones, precisely because they are in the minority and greatly lose in number of green spaces. The location of important decorative details should be thought out in advance. The designer is armed with a sheet of paper for sketching and a pencil, sketching a plan of the site, then drawing already existing buildings on the drawing. Now that it’s easier to navigate the terrain, you can draw an approximate layout of the decor. From a wide range of landscape decorations, only typical English or antique details should be chosen. The latter are used to design individual nooks and crannies.
Decorative constructions
Two types of material prevail in the design of English plots: wood and stone. The first is used for the manufacture of benches, fences, gates. The lower part of the building facades is trimmed with stone, monumental fences are erected from it, paths are paved. The fence can also be made of brown brick, but it must be supplemented with forged elements so that the structure does not look faceless. Decorative structures include pergolas, arbors, benches, sculptural compositions, scaffolds up to half a meter high. The relief of the site is emphasized by stone stairs. Their steps are decorated with moss, and a rampant mixborder is planted on the sides. As a rule, each garden has its own corner for privacy. It is equipped near a pond or on the border of the site away from a noisy courtyard.
In the center of such a platform, surrounded by benches, they put a gazebo or a statue depicting a person or an animal. Decorate the area with green spaces or a low fence. By the way, benches are located under the trees, along garden paths or near ponds. Pergolas are usually placed directly on the road, that is, support pillars are dug on its sides.In the summer heat, this zone will give those who walk around the site such a welcome shadow. Garden furniture is made of wood with forging elements. It is desirable that the items belong to the baroque, modern or Empire style. The peculiarities of the English landscape include such an unusual decoration as a “wooded theater”. It is drawn up in the most remote part of the site. In the center of wild trees, a small area is arranged. It is decorated with statues, columns, a fountain, trimmed bushes, benches. Thanks to these elements of the antique style, it seems as if there was once a full-fledged building, from which only beautiful ruins remained. Lighting devices choose the classic ones: black lanterns on thin high legs, decorated with openwork shades that exude soft, diffused light.
Tracks
Tracks, as a rule, are made out by two types of materials. Those that are closer to home are paved with stone, since people walk more often in the yard, which means that the load on the coating increases. The “veins” of moss that fill the voids between fragments of the paved surface will look beautiful. Then the track will get a careless and slightly “abandoned” look. The stone combines well with picturesque, dilapidated brick walls, the failures of which are entwined with hops or ivy. Paths hidden in the depths of the plot are sprinkled with gravel, rubble, sand or crushed bark. If conifers grow in the garden, then the passage under them can be filled with cones. This option looks very original.
Ponds
Ponds in the English style have an irregular shape that mimics the natural shape. A gentle beach is decorated with plants. In the center of the pond place a small fountain or sculpture. Water surface is decorated with water lilies, lilies, duckweed. If the dimensions of the reservoir allow, then a bridge with forged rails is thrown across its middle. One or two benches must be placed near the water. Partially, the beach is decorated with stone steps, which smoothly pass into the rock garden, with large cobblestones.
Plant selection: flowers, shrubs and trees
Hops, clematis, ivy and girl's grapes will become the green background on which flower beds and rock gardens are located. Weaving plants literally wilt the walls of not only the main building, but also the adjacent buildings. In English gardens, spices bloom wildly. From the variety choose tarragon, laurel, turmeric, saffron, basil, rosemary, wild garlic, cloves, coriander and parsnip. The edge of the ponds is decorated with a swimsuit, cattail, kaluga, forget-me-nots, irises and sedge. Among the trees, preference is given to chestnut, mountain ash, larch, birch, oak, thuja and hazel (hazel).
Bushes of euonymus, turf, marshmallow, lilac, elderberry and jasmine are planted around the perimeter of the site. Among the diversity of perennials, the choice is stopped on roses, phlox, common wormwood, giant onions, ferns, incense, rhubarb, catchment, hosts, rogers. The garden cottage uses spireas, daisies, crocuses, galanthus, lilies of the valley, elecampane, dolphiniums, peonies, primrose, asters. Of the flower gardens, preference is given to slightly messy mixborders. Neat single flower beds near the house are placed in stone vases, bowls on tall, thin legs.
Conclusion
The garden in English is suitable for decoration of both luxurious cottages and simple village cottages.The main thing is to comply with the general rules and imbued with the "British spirit". The English garden will be a great option for lazy hosts, as the philosophy of the direction says: the surrounding beauty is created for contemplation, and not for slave labor. Of course, you still have to look after the possessions, but systematically and “unobtrusively”. Sometimes you need to trim the bushes, water the trees and plants in dry periods, clear the beds of weeds. By the way, the British feel anxious feelings towards the topiary. Trimmed bushes are always present on each site. The classic English style needs scope, as palaces and castles were surrounded by spacious land estates. For a garden cottage, a couple of hundredths of a lot is enough to give them a careless natural beauty.