One of the main buildings in the suburban area is the toilet. Without construction it is impossible to imagine a full, comfortable existence. A structure intended for the administration of natural needs most often is a booth installed above a cesspool.
Owners of cottages, suburban allotments the arrangement of the territory begins precisely with the construction of a closet. If you can do without a house, a garage, then without this object - no. To build a latrine is not difficult even for a novice in the construction business. At the same time, a properly executed street need will not contain extraneous odors, there is no draft in it, it is not inferior to similar rooms located inside buildings connected to a common sewage system.
Choosing a place: accommodation rates in a summer cottage
The location of the outdoor toilet plays an important role. When determining it, they are guided by many factors. If no more than two people live in a country house, you can get a dry closet, a backlash closet. For a full-fledged family visiting the summer cottage on the weekend, living there seasonally, a cesspool cannot be dispensed with. When constructing such buildings, the following rules should be observed:
SNiP 30-02-97. Clause 6.8: latrines should be located at a distance of at least 12 m from a residential building, cellar. The distance from the well should exceed 8 m. At the same time, these norms are taken into account for objects located in the neighboring section.
SanPiN 42-128-4690-88. The document contains the requirements for the construction, arrangement of the cesspool. Its bottom is located above the groundwater level, the depth should not exceed 3 m, the walls of the well are laid out of bricks, blocks, or are equipped with concrete rings. The mine has a bottom, waterproofing, for example, in the form of a layer of plaster. The ground part of the structure is made of brick, wood, gas, foam block.
SP 42.13330.2011. Clause 7.1 stipulates that in the absence of a centralized sewage system, the distance from the latrine to the neighboring private house and the water supply is at least 12 m and 25 m, respectively.
When choosing a place, it is necessary to take into account the wind rose in order to avoid the presence of unpleasant odors in the future. If the territory is located on a slope, it is required to place the structure at the lowest point, while the well should be on a slope higher. Also, when constructing a toilet with a cesspool, you should consider the presence of an entrance for a cesspool machine.
Types and features of toilets
With the construction of the toilet begins the development of a summer cottage.Depending on the operation of the territory, in the case of using the cottage for spending weekends in the warm season, it is enough to erect a simple structure from improvised materials. With permanent residence, long-term stay, the presence of a capital structure should be provided.
There are different types of closets installed in suburban areas. The main difference lies in the method of waste disposal. According to this criterion, all structures can be divided into three main groups:
Sewer. Sewage is removed through a local or main sewage system. This type is characterized by the use of a conventional flush toilet;
Recycling. Divided into composting and burning. Disposal of waste occurs in a natural way, when in the course of biological processes, natural chemical elements and compounds are formed that are used to feed plants;
Cumulative. These include powder, backlash, chemical, packaging, freezing, with a cesspool. After filling the space or capacity, it is cleaned, sewage is transferred to compost heaps, treatment facilities for processing feces into compost.
Also, according to the arrangement method, all toilets can be divided into two main groups, namely: buildings with and without a cesspool. The ability to dig a mine for sewage depends on the type of soil, the height of the groundwater, and the presence of natural cracks. Consider in more detail the types of country need.
With a cesspool
When choosing a design, a number of factors must be taken into account. The depth of the pit should not exceed 3 m, while the distance from the bottom to the highest outlet point of groundwater should be more than 1 m. The depth of the pit is calculated depending on the number of residents and the time they spend on the suburban area. On average, 0.5 m³ is enough per person.
The shape of the pit depends on the material used for the walls. If concrete rings are installed, it is round. More often apply square options. The walls are built of bricks, blocks, buta, wood. To ensure waterproofing, before the start of masonry, a special clay castle is made, up to 30 cm thick. A layer of clay is placed at the bottom and sides of the shaft. Also, for these purposes, plaster or bitumen is used, applied to the internal brick, wooden surfaces.
When filling the pit more than 70%, it is cleaned with the help of a cesspool truck. Therefore, when drawing up a construction plan in the courtyard, it is necessary to think over the access paths. To eliminate extraneous odors, the cesspool toilet is equipped with ventilation, usually a pipe with a diameter of more than 10 cm is used. One end is inserted into the recess, and the other rises at least 50 cm above the roof of the ground building. A special ventilation window is also made in the house itself. According to the method of location of the cesspool, two main types of structures can be distinguished:
Standard option - the mine is located directly under the house;
Backlash - the recess rummages aside. With this structure, the toilet can be located in a separate heated structure, or directly in the house, and waste products are removed through pipes located at an angle. Before entering the backlash-closet, a vestibule is usually arranged. This is a capital structure that is not suitable as a temporary structure. Such construction will require large investments, it is advisable with the constant use of a residential building.
No cesspool
Such toilets are built much easier and faster. Their design is a house in which a special sealed container, a bucket for collecting waste, is installed under the chair. There are several varieties of such structures that differ only in the way they treat sewage and neutralize odors. Among them are:
Powder Closet.Next to the toilet seat (push), an additional container is installed inside the toilet, filled with peat, ash, dry earth, sawdust, leaves, various mixtures of these components. After managing the need, fecal waste is sprinkled (dusted) with powdered substances.
Every visit necessarily ends with dusting. A significant difference between dry needies is that after filling the tank, its contents are taken out to a compost pile, where it naturally turns into fertilizer.
Peat toilet. In fact, this is a kind of powder-closet. The only difference is that exclusively dry peat is used as a dry hygroscopic material.
With a compost pit. Such structures are characterized by the fact that the processing of waste into fertilizer takes place not in the compost heap, but in a part of the toilet structure. The capacity for collecting waste is much larger than the previous options. Some models are equipped with special separation devices that separate feces from liquids.
Toilet with septic tank
The most expensive and time-consuming view. In fact, this is a kind of cesspool, but more advanced. Due to its tightness, it is installed in any place of a country allotment, regardless of the depth of groundwater. The use of a septic tank makes it possible to place a regular toilet in the country and use it throughout the year. Popular toilets are:
Shambo. It is made of concrete rings. It is characterized by the simplicity of installation work, which many people can do with their own hands. The disadvantages of this design include the appearance of unpleasant odors, the rapid filling of the tank, which leads to frequent calls of the dump truck;
Cumulative. The same drain pit. It is an insulated plastic tank with a low weight.Fills quickly, requires regular cleaning;
Non-volatile. They clean sewage in two stages. At the first stage, the effluents are cleaned to 75%, after which they are discharged into the ground. They include filtering systems. Fill up slowly;
Standalone. They are powered by electricity. They treat sewage as efficiently as possible, which allows the liquid to be reused for irrigation. The most expensive models. They are used mainly in suburban areas in which they live year-round.
DIY wooden toilet construction
Primitive, at first glance, the design of the toilet can be attributed to the mandatory facilities in the suburban area. It is very difficult to fully exploit the land territory without an integral comfort zone. Create a personal toilet project in the first place. It is unlikely that it will be possible to make a real home bathroom with your own hands from wood, but it is quite possible to provide workflow and outdoor recreation with minimal amenities.
Type of construction
It will be possible to complete the construction without fail if there is a detailed drawing with drawing of all sizes. Following the plan will increase the likelihood of a positive outcome, even in the absence of carpentry skills. A well-formed structure will fit perfectly into the overall design of the site and increase the level of comfort.
Despite the similar functionality, there are many varieties of wooden houses for outdoor toilets. The main difference is the way of construction. The choice of design type depends on the personal preferences of the owners of the cottage, the amount of material used depends on the dimensions of the toilet. Wooden toilets for summer cottages can be classified according to the form of construction into the following types:
Birdhouse. A simple village model has a gable roof, which reduces its cost, but at the same time makes it shaky and blown by the winds. More suitable for the summer version. On the roof you can place a barrel of water;
Hut.One of the complex types of construction. To make it will take a lot of wood, pruning. Thanks to the faceted shape, heat is retained in any weather, even in winter. A variety of design variations for the garden allows you to fit the model into any site design;
Hut. It has a gable roof, a simple architectural form. The robust construction is highly resistant to adverse weather conditions. Construction will take a minimum of materials, if you first make the correct installation diagram;
House. The most comfortable, warm option. The type of construction allows the most unusual design decisions. A sturdy frame is erected on a small plot of land using a minimum of building materials. It can be single, double;
WC with shower. The combined summer house is complemented by a summer shower. This type of construction is profitable from a financial point of view, significantly saves space. The rooms have a common wall and roof.
Cesspool device
The arrangement of the cesspool begins with the preparation of the pit. Its size should be 30 centimeters higher than the planned useful volume of the cesspool. To facilitate the finishing process, the pit must be given a square, rectangular shape.
The bottom of the cesspool is firmly tamped, filled with clay. Such a layer will prevent sewage from entering the soil. Then a sand cushion is made, pieces of brick are loosely pressed and covered with a reinforced mesh of connected rods. The bottom of the pit is cemented with a mixture of crushed stone and concrete. For quality hardening, 2 weeks is enough.
The walls of the toilet pit can be laid out with bricks, strengthened with buta or resin-soaked boards. The material should not allow moisture to pass through, therefore resorting to additional methods of waterproofing - plastering, coating with waterproof impregnation, resistant to aggressive environments. Labor-intensive technologies requiring the strengthening of the pit can be replaced step by step with concrete rings, PVC tanks.
Frame base and assembly
After arranging the drive, they begin to install the base and assemble the frame. If you plan to use the toilet in winter, the foundation must be filled below the freezing level. So that the wood does not come into contact with concrete, it is separated by a flooring from roofing material.
Wells are made on a previously marked surface, and columns of support are inserted. For a wooden frame, it is better to use a beam, pre-sized, special pallets. From the inside, it is strengthened by braces, scarves. Based on the type of toilet seat, longitudinal bars are nailed at a certain height, which will serve as its basis.
It is better to assemble the frame and mount to the base using dowels or self-tapping screws. For strength, you can use metal corners. The back and front walls in the upper part are temporarily connected with wooden planks to withstand the same distance.
Covering the frame and installing the door
For internal, external cladding use lining or any suitable wood. The floor is lined with edged boards made of hardwood, starting fastening from the side wall. So that during operation, during shrinkage, cracks do not appear at the joints, use a prepared tongue or cut grooves in advance.
The side walls are sheathed according to a similar principle. First, they carefully mark the boards using a corner and a tape measure, cut the blanks and screw them to the frame. The back wall is sutured with long panels, the side ones are short.
The door is installed most recently. To do this, you will need to re-measure the doorway in order to calculate the final parameters and ensure a tight pressing of the door. The preliminary figures of the diagram may change. Wooden structures are often hung on hinges. Their number and location depends on the weight of the door, design. The fixture for fixation may be a valve, latch, metal hook, pinwheel.
Roof
Installing a roof on a small country bathroom is not difficult at all. Based on personal preferences and the natural conditions of the region, you can use a flat, gable, gable coating. Since the area is small, the use of lag is optional. When choosing materials, there are practically no restrictions, but it is better not to step aside from a single architectural ensemble of the site.
For roofing a wooden toilet, you can use both natural and artificial materials. Bitumen, wood complement a pleasant microclimate. This is the most economical option. Slate, polymer isoplast, decorative tiles are durable, resistant to precipitation, they can decorate similar structures. They are released in a variety of colors. The metal roof is easy to install. Light steel sheets, corrugated board, metal tile have the greatest durability.
Communications
Many people associate a street toilet with a lack of hygiene and an unpleasant odor. As much as possible to refine the restroom on the site, having carried out the necessary communications. To achieve the best result, a hood and a cesspool are equipped with a hood. It can be natural, work from draft of streams, change of pressure and forced - to purify air by means of fans. With your own hands it can be made of plastic pipes of various diameters.
To illuminate the country toilet, located far from the main building, it is not at all necessary to pull meters of electrical wires, install switches, hide the wiring. You can use lamps on batteries from the sun. The device itself is hung on a hook, installed on the floor, and the module is taken out into the street, placed in a place with maximum natural light.
The spacious outdoor bathroom can be equipped with a drain tank and a washbasin. In this case, the drain is also attached to the cesspool. It is possible to organize a sewer system using PVC pipes.
Features of the construction of bricks
The construction of such material is not afraid of any weather disasters. Brick toilet does not need additional external processing, rarely repaired. The base and roof of such a building should also be made of hard materials. The foundation is poured with concrete, slate and metal sheets are used for coating.
The cost of building a warm house will be an order of magnitude higher than wooden models. Their main difference lies in the technology of brickwork. Ventilation is done from a simple plastic pipe. For internal insulation use mineral wool, drywall.
The benefits of installing dry closets
The main advantage of such a toilet is the ability to use without connecting to a sewer system, install anywhere in the site. The main advantages of the models include the following factors:
Affordable cost;
Easy installation, maintenance;
Lack of unpleasant smell, insects;
Hygiene
Ergonomics
Conclusion
A country allotment, a summer cottage will not do without such an important building as a closet. Initially, you can build a temporary structure from improvised materials, and subsequently make a major toilet. Depending on the frequency of use of the building, its design is selected. At the same time, building materials for work can serve as raw materials, both remaining from the main construction, and specially acquired.
One of the main buildings in the suburban area is the toilet. Without construction it is impossible to imagine a full, comfortable existence. A structure intended for the administration of natural needs most often is a booth installed above a cesspool.
Owners of cottages, suburban allotments the arrangement of the territory begins precisely with the construction of a closet. If you can do without a house, a garage, then without this object - no. To build a latrine is not difficult even for a novice in the construction business. At the same time, a properly executed street need will not contain extraneous odors, there is no draft in it, it is not inferior to similar rooms located inside buildings connected to a common sewage system.
Content
Choosing a place: accommodation rates in a summer cottage
The location of the outdoor toilet plays an important role. When determining it, they are guided by many factors. If no more than two people live in a country house, you can get a dry closet, a backlash closet. For a full-fledged family visiting the summer cottage on the weekend, living there seasonally, a cesspool cannot be dispensed with. When constructing such buildings, the following rules should be observed:
Types and features of toilets
With the construction of the toilet begins the development of a summer cottage.Depending on the operation of the territory, in the case of using the cottage for spending weekends in the warm season, it is enough to erect a simple structure from improvised materials. With permanent residence, long-term stay, the presence of a capital structure should be provided.
There are different types of closets installed in suburban areas. The main difference lies in the method of waste disposal. According to this criterion, all structures can be divided into three main groups:
Also, according to the arrangement method, all toilets can be divided into two main groups, namely: buildings with and without a cesspool. The ability to dig a mine for sewage depends on the type of soil, the height of the groundwater, and the presence of natural cracks. Consider in more detail the types of country need.
With a cesspool
When choosing a design, a number of factors must be taken into account. The depth of the pit should not exceed 3 m, while the distance from the bottom to the highest outlet point of groundwater should be more than 1 m. The depth of the pit is calculated depending on the number of residents and the time they spend on the suburban area. On average, 0.5 m³ is enough per person.
The shape of the pit depends on the material used for the walls. If concrete rings are installed, it is round. More often apply square options. The walls are built of bricks, blocks, buta, wood. To ensure waterproofing, before the start of masonry, a special clay castle is made, up to 30 cm thick. A layer of clay is placed at the bottom and sides of the shaft. Also, for these purposes, plaster or bitumen is used, applied to the internal brick, wooden surfaces.
When filling the pit more than 70%, it is cleaned with the help of a cesspool truck. Therefore, when drawing up a construction plan in the courtyard, it is necessary to think over the access paths. To eliminate extraneous odors, the cesspool toilet is equipped with ventilation, usually a pipe with a diameter of more than 10 cm is used. One end is inserted into the recess, and the other rises at least 50 cm above the roof of the ground building. A special ventilation window is also made in the house itself. According to the method of location of the cesspool, two main types of structures can be distinguished:
No cesspool
Such toilets are built much easier and faster. Their design is a house in which a special sealed container, a bucket for collecting waste, is installed under the chair. There are several varieties of such structures that differ only in the way they treat sewage and neutralize odors. Among them are:
Toilet with septic tank
The most expensive and time-consuming view. In fact, this is a kind of cesspool, but more advanced. Due to its tightness, it is installed in any place of a country allotment, regardless of the depth of groundwater. The use of a septic tank makes it possible to place a regular toilet in the country and use it throughout the year. Popular toilets are:
DIY wooden toilet construction
Primitive, at first glance, the design of the toilet can be attributed to the mandatory facilities in the suburban area. It is very difficult to fully exploit the land territory without an integral comfort zone. Create a personal toilet project in the first place. It is unlikely that it will be possible to make a real home bathroom with your own hands from wood, but it is quite possible to provide workflow and outdoor recreation with minimal amenities.
Type of construction
It will be possible to complete the construction without fail if there is a detailed drawing with drawing of all sizes. Following the plan will increase the likelihood of a positive outcome, even in the absence of carpentry skills. A well-formed structure will fit perfectly into the overall design of the site and increase the level of comfort.
Despite the similar functionality, there are many varieties of wooden houses for outdoor toilets. The main difference is the way of construction. The choice of design type depends on the personal preferences of the owners of the cottage, the amount of material used depends on the dimensions of the toilet. Wooden toilets for summer cottages can be classified according to the form of construction into the following types:
Cesspool device
The arrangement of the cesspool begins with the preparation of the pit. Its size should be 30 centimeters higher than the planned useful volume of the cesspool. To facilitate the finishing process, the pit must be given a square, rectangular shape.
The bottom of the cesspool is firmly tamped, filled with clay. Such a layer will prevent sewage from entering the soil. Then a sand cushion is made, pieces of brick are loosely pressed and covered with a reinforced mesh of connected rods. The bottom of the pit is cemented with a mixture of crushed stone and concrete. For quality hardening, 2 weeks is enough.
The walls of the toilet pit can be laid out with bricks, strengthened with buta or resin-soaked boards. The material should not allow moisture to pass through, therefore resorting to additional methods of waterproofing - plastering, coating with waterproof impregnation, resistant to aggressive environments. Labor-intensive technologies requiring the strengthening of the pit can be replaced step by step with concrete rings, PVC tanks.
Frame base and assembly
After arranging the drive, they begin to install the base and assemble the frame. If you plan to use the toilet in winter, the foundation must be filled below the freezing level. So that the wood does not come into contact with concrete, it is separated by a flooring from roofing material.
Wells are made on a previously marked surface, and columns of support are inserted. For a wooden frame, it is better to use a beam, pre-sized, special pallets. From the inside, it is strengthened by braces, scarves. Based on the type of toilet seat, longitudinal bars are nailed at a certain height, which will serve as its basis.
It is better to assemble the frame and mount to the base using dowels or self-tapping screws. For strength, you can use metal corners. The back and front walls in the upper part are temporarily connected with wooden planks to withstand the same distance.
Covering the frame and installing the door
For internal, external cladding use lining or any suitable wood. The floor is lined with edged boards made of hardwood, starting fastening from the side wall. So that during operation, during shrinkage, cracks do not appear at the joints, use a prepared tongue or cut grooves in advance.
The side walls are sheathed according to a similar principle. First, they carefully mark the boards using a corner and a tape measure, cut the blanks and screw them to the frame. The back wall is sutured with long panels, the side ones are short.
The door is installed most recently. To do this, you will need to re-measure the doorway in order to calculate the final parameters and ensure a tight pressing of the door. The preliminary figures of the diagram may change. Wooden structures are often hung on hinges. Their number and location depends on the weight of the door, design. The fixture for fixation may be a valve, latch, metal hook, pinwheel.
Roof
Installing a roof on a small country bathroom is not difficult at all. Based on personal preferences and the natural conditions of the region, you can use a flat, gable, gable coating. Since the area is small, the use of lag is optional. When choosing materials, there are practically no restrictions, but it is better not to step aside from a single architectural ensemble of the site.
For roofing a wooden toilet, you can use both natural and artificial materials. Bitumen, wood complement a pleasant microclimate. This is the most economical option. Slate, polymer isoplast, decorative tiles are durable, resistant to precipitation, they can decorate similar structures. They are released in a variety of colors. The metal roof is easy to install. Light steel sheets, corrugated board, metal tile have the greatest durability.
Communications
Many people associate a street toilet with a lack of hygiene and an unpleasant odor. As much as possible to refine the restroom on the site, having carried out the necessary communications. To achieve the best result, a hood and a cesspool are equipped with a hood. It can be natural, work from draft of streams, change of pressure and forced - to purify air by means of fans. With your own hands it can be made of plastic pipes of various diameters.
To illuminate the country toilet, located far from the main building, it is not at all necessary to pull meters of electrical wires, install switches, hide the wiring. You can use lamps on batteries from the sun. The device itself is hung on a hook, installed on the floor, and the module is taken out into the street, placed in a place with maximum natural light.
The spacious outdoor bathroom can be equipped with a drain tank and a washbasin. In this case, the drain is also attached to the cesspool. It is possible to organize a sewer system using PVC pipes.
Features of the construction of bricks
The construction of such material is not afraid of any weather disasters. Brick toilet does not need additional external processing, rarely repaired. The base and roof of such a building should also be made of hard materials. The foundation is poured with concrete, slate and metal sheets are used for coating.
The cost of building a warm house will be an order of magnitude higher than wooden models. Their main difference lies in the technology of brickwork. Ventilation is done from a simple plastic pipe. For internal insulation use mineral wool, drywall.
The benefits of installing dry closets
The main advantage of such a toilet is the ability to use without connecting to a sewer system, install anywhere in the site. The main advantages of the models include the following factors:
Conclusion
A country allotment, a summer cottage will not do without such an important building as a closet. Initially, you can build a temporary structure from improvised materials, and subsequently make a major toilet. Depending on the frequency of use of the building, its design is selected. At the same time, building materials for work can serve as raw materials, both remaining from the main construction, and specially acquired.