Decorative trees for the garden: descriptions and names
What kind of person who has a suburban “hacienda” does not dream of a luxurious garden, where there will be not only fruit, but also beautiful ornamental plants? Neatly trimmed shrubs, decorative trees for the garden, located around a huge cottage or a small country house, will create a wonderful atmosphere for relaxation after busy weekdays, will become the pride of the owners, the subject of "white" envy of the neighbors.
Ornamental plants - this is the element that is often lacking in cottages intended only for harvesting. Nevertheless, their role is quite large:
decorate a site, gives it an aesthetic appearance;
saturation of the environment with oxygen, absorption of carbon dioxide;
the release of various nutrients into the air;
when planting along the perimeter of the site - protection of people, fruit plants from dust, gas contamination;
on a hot day, the dense crowns of trees will hide in their shadow the owners of the dacha from the summer heat;
"Hedge" will protect the site with a low or mesh fence from prying eyes;
dense decorative bushes along the fence will not allow strong winds to affect vegetable, berry crops.
Different breeds delight the eye in different ways - some during flowering, others - from the moment the leaves appear until they fall, and conifers - almost all year round.
What trees to plant: decide on the choice
The choice of suitable decorative trees depends on the climate in the region, the size of the garden, the personal preferences of the gardening owners, and their financial capabilities. For cold northern latitudes it is better to acquire frost-resistant species - the southern species will have to be additionally insulated, and this is unnecessary trouble, especially when there are a lot of such trees. In warm areas, the choice of suitable vegetation is slightly larger, but individual rocks are very picky about the composition of the soil, its acidity, frequency of irrigation, which is especially important in arid areas.
In large, spacious areas, tall trees with wide crowns are placed, but for limited spaces this option is unacceptable - such species are able to obscure the space almost completely, preventing the possibility of normal development of the undersized.
Some cottagers purchase low potted trees, which are mainly exotic trees - they spend summer outdoors and winter indoors.
The choice of trees according to the parameters of the garden
Decorative trees are conditionally divided into:
undersized - less than 10 m high. These include: warty birch, Young's birch, prickly hawthorn, weeping ash, maple duneiformes, yellow acacia, Japanese quince, Daurian juniper, bobovnik;
srednerosly - about 10-15 m tall. These include: green-maple, Tatar maple, western thuja, common mountain ash, weeping willow, weeping birch;
tall - not less than 15 m tall. These include: oak, linden, spruce, chestnut, beech, maple-like maple.
Tall woody plants create vertical accents of space, a three-dimensional landscape, give a lot of shade, create a sense of security. For small areas, even three-four-meter trees will become tall, for more extensive ones, 25-30-meter giants. As part of various wood compositions, dwarf varieties of familiar trees are also used - no more than 1.5 meters high. Experts recommend combining several options in their garden, creating unique landscapes.
Tree species
All decorative woody plants are divided into:
coniferous - their seeds develop, ripen in cones of various shapes. Most of these species have needle-shaped leaves of various lengths, thicknesses with or without wax coating; in some varieties, the foliage is flat, scaly;
deciduous - flowering plants with leaves on petioles. Foliage has a diverse configuration, colors from light green to crimson red. Leaves bloom in the spring, and in the fall fade and discard;
fruit ornamental - varieties of ordinary fruit trees, often have a small height, small fruits, beautiful leaves;
Exotics are imported species, often not adapted to the climate of mid-latitudes. Usually require protective shelter during the onset of cold weather.
Conifers
Unpretentious, mostly tall, although there are small varieties that can grow well on almost any soil.
Description of the most common species with names:
Juniper - grows in brightly lit or medium-shaded places, prefer moisture-absorbing, light, loose soils. He tolerates severe waterlogging poorly, because he is often planted on slopes, in rockeries, and high flower gardens. Varieties: Chinese - has a bronze-yellowish color, height up to two meters, horizontal - bluish needles, grows up to 50 cm, scaly - actively grows in width, height about 30 cm;
pine - grows well in sunny, sandy areas, does not tolerate excessive waterlogging. It happens ordinary and dwarf breeds. A popular variety is mountain pine with yellowish-green needles; in ten years it grows no more than half a meter, it winters perfectly under snow;
spruce - good specimens grow in moist, but not over-dried, wetlands. Varieties: ordinary - with dark green needles, grows up to 2 m in 10 years, weeping - long branches beautifully fall to the ground, adult plant no more than eight meters high, prickly - silver-blue color, adult plant reaches 3 m;
fir - requires fertile soil, very shade-tolerant, grows very slowly, but is able to reach 20-50 m. Coloring - from dark green to silver. Popular varieties are Arizona, Balsamic, Korean;
thuja - grows well on loose, moist, calcareous lands, is practically not damaged by pests, has a pyramidal shape. The most common are Canadian, comb, elegantissima.
Deciduous
Deciduous have a high decorativeness, having leaves of various shapes and sizes. Bright representatives:
Manchurian maple - high - up to 20 m, slender, good honey plant, originally imported from the Far East.Ternary leaves are green in summer and red-orange in autumn. He loves the sun, fertile soil, but is drought-resistant, cold-resistant;
silver maple - grows up to 35-40 meters tall, is cold-resistant, photophilous, grows quickly, requires a lot of moisture. Five-lobed leaves, green in summer, yellow, red-orange, burgundy in autumn. Maple begins to bloom before the leaves appear;
fluffy birch - unpretentious, frost-resistant, wind-resistant, loves moist ground. Its crown is elongated, almost the entire trunk is white. The seeds are light, spread quickly over long distances, new shoots - with a gun;
drooping birch, or warty, has a height of more than 35 m, is drought-resistant, grows well in sunny, humid places. Crohn's weepy form, openwork, foliage in summer green, yellow in autumn.
Decorative fruit
A wide variety of hybrids, well adapted to the harsh conditions of a temperate climate, allows you to beautifully design a summer garden, even with little damage to productivity, nutritional properties of fruits.
The most common:
small-fruited apple tree - low: grows up to a maximum of 6-10 meters, has good winter hardiness, prefer neutral soil. The crown is spreading, the leaves are oval, in the summer green, in the fall - reddish-orange. The flowers are white and pink, the fruits are small, most often red;
Kiku Shidare cherry or sakura - prefers sunny, calm places, moderately moistened nutrient land. Three to six meters tall, branches hanging down, brilliantly green leaves in summer, orange-yellow in autumn. Blooms profusely in large pink flowers, small fruits;
weeping pear - undemanding to the soil, height - up to three meters, silvery leaves that often remain for the winter, white flowers, inedible fruits, small. Leaves, fruits are stored on a tree in winter.
Exotic trees
These species were imported mainly from hot countries, many are well adapted to the local climate, the rest require "warming" if frosty winters are expected.
Commonly grown species:
Asha magnolia is frost-resistant, loves well-moistened, drained soil, sunny, windless places. It grows to 6-7 meters tall. The color of the leaves is from light green to silver-gray, the flowers are large - up to 30 cm in diameter, white;
Japanese crimson or gingerbread tree - grows well in well-lit areas, but direct burns of the sun may cause burns. He loves moist, slightly acidic soil. Heart-shaped foliage, pinkish satin in spring, golden crimson in autumn;
tekoma-campsis rooting - frost-resistant, requires abundant watering, woody perennial, vine having aerial roots, which are fixed on any support. Height 5-15 meters, flowers - bell-shaped, yellow or red-orange;
fragrant brugmansia - prefers “greasy” soil, a lot of light, does not differ in frost resistance - requires reliable shelter for the winter or growing in tubs, up to four to five meters high. Flowers are up to 30 cm long; their color is greenish-white.
Frost resistance of trees
To frost-resistant decorative species include:
Doorenbos birch is the whitest multi-stemmed photophilous birch; medium fertility soil is suitable for it. The leaves are large, the flowers are numerous, nondescript, up to 15 meters high;
Royal Red maple - sun-loving, undemanding to the composition of the soil, but does not accept marshy areas. Height - up to 20 m, leaves - five-lobed or seven-lobed, red in spring, red and black in autumn;
mountain ash ordinary - shade-tolerant, grows on almost any loose soil. It grows to 5-10 meters, cirrus foliage, flowers are small, white-yellowish, berry-like fruits.
Variety of Ornamental Shrubs
Shrubs from trees differ in their size, from grasses in the presence of woody stems.
Popular Views:
Japanese quince - photophilous, drought-resistant, prefers light soils, medium moisture. In severe frosts, it requires shelter. The fruits are yellow in the cold regions do not ripen;
Forsythia - grows well in sunny areas, fertile light soils, blooms before leaflets, flowers are yellow, small;
scoopia - grows on fertile lands, height is about three meters, in summer the foliage is green, by autumn - yellowish-orange or burgundy-scarlet. Flowers - white-pink or yellowish-white;
mountain ash - grows on light soils, moderately photophilous, flowers and leaves resembles mountain ash, by autumn, the foliage from green becomes golden.
The basic rules of cultivation, care
Different species of woody plants require different conditions for normal growth, preservation of decorativeness. Key recommendations:
crown formation from the first year of life;
annual sanitary pruning;
in the spring - whitewash to protect from sunlight;
pest and disease control by spraying;
installation of traps for hares, mice;
proper nutrition for normal growth, fruiting;
regular watering in drought, heat;
in autumn - harvesting carrion leaves, rotting leaves;
in winter - shaking off snow from branches, sheltering non-frost-resistant species.
The principles of the location of trees in the garden, their combination with other plants
When planning a garden, the following categories are used:
standard - usually medium or low, with a crown in shape close to the ball;
a variety of leafy weeping species;
dwarf fruit, deciduous trees;
column-shaped hybrids.
The trees are arranged in one or two rows, one by one, according to a certain pattern, in groups of an odd number of representatives of one, different species. You can form the so-called bosquets - mini-groves, which with the help of a haircut make out into dense “live fences”, use both coniferous and deciduous species.
In the presence of vast free spaces, some trees are used as tapeworms - photophilous plants, planted in an open area. Often they split the trunk, so that the tree turns out to be as branched, spreading, has a low landing. In some cases, gardeners, using special techniques, form a spherical, conical, umbrella, pyramidal, weeping crown. Less often, several identical plants are planted close to each other, gradually they almost grow together, from a distance they look like one.
It is also important to correctly combine the elements of green spaces - not all plants are friends. For example, jasmine, lilac, fir, horse chestnut have a detrimental effect on the development of pears, apple trees, and next to mulberry, sea buckthorn it is better not to plant anything at all. Most fruit crops do not tolerate the proximity to birch, maple, and many conifers. Pines, spruce, fir strongly acidify the soil, which is unacceptable for stone fruit, pome seeds. If there is oak, willow, poplar in the garden, their fallen leaves should be removed before they begin to decompose. Some woody species contain phytotoxins that are released into the air - being harmless to humans, they seriously harm other vegetation.
Even trees of the same species are able to interfere with each other to grow with excessive thickening of plantings, because it takes into account the size, shape of the crown, the root system of a particular species.
Conclusion
Coniferous and deciduous, stunted and huge garden trees, bushes will decorate, ennoble any house space, allowing you to use the summer cottage not only for digging potatoes, weeding carrots, spraying tomatoes, but also for a good rest, creating the most original home photo shoots against the backdrop of "scenery" self-grown.
What kind of person who has a suburban “hacienda” does not dream of a luxurious garden, where there will be not only fruit, but also beautiful ornamental plants? Neatly trimmed shrubs, decorative trees for the garden, located around a huge cottage or a small country house, will create a wonderful atmosphere for relaxation after busy weekdays, will become the pride of the owners, the subject of "white" envy of the neighbors.
Content
The role of decorative trees, shrubs in gardens
Ornamental plants - this is the element that is often lacking in cottages intended only for harvesting. Nevertheless, their role is quite large:
What trees to plant: decide on the choice
The choice of suitable decorative trees depends on the climate in the region, the size of the garden, the personal preferences of the gardening owners, and their financial capabilities. For cold northern latitudes it is better to acquire frost-resistant species - the southern species will have to be additionally insulated, and this is unnecessary trouble, especially when there are a lot of such trees. In warm areas, the choice of suitable vegetation is slightly larger, but individual rocks are very picky about the composition of the soil, its acidity, frequency of irrigation, which is especially important in arid areas.
In large, spacious areas, tall trees with wide crowns are placed, but for limited spaces this option is unacceptable - such species are able to obscure the space almost completely, preventing the possibility of normal development of the undersized.
The choice of trees according to the parameters of the garden
Decorative trees are conditionally divided into:
Tall woody plants create vertical accents of space, a three-dimensional landscape, give a lot of shade, create a sense of security. For small areas, even three-four-meter trees will become tall, for more extensive ones, 25-30-meter giants. As part of various wood compositions, dwarf varieties of familiar trees are also used - no more than 1.5 meters high. Experts recommend combining several options in their garden, creating unique landscapes.
Tree species
All decorative woody plants are divided into:
Conifers
Unpretentious, mostly tall, although there are small varieties that can grow well on almost any soil.
Description of the most common species with names:
Deciduous
Deciduous have a high decorativeness, having leaves of various shapes and sizes. Bright representatives:
Decorative fruit
A wide variety of hybrids, well adapted to the harsh conditions of a temperate climate, allows you to beautifully design a summer garden, even with little damage to productivity, nutritional properties of fruits.
The most common:
Exotic trees
These species were imported mainly from hot countries, many are well adapted to the local climate, the rest require "warming" if frosty winters are expected.
Commonly grown species:
Frost resistance of trees
To frost-resistant decorative species include:
Variety of Ornamental Shrubs
Shrubs from trees differ in their size, from grasses in the presence of woody stems.
Popular Views:
The basic rules of cultivation, care
Different species of woody plants require different conditions for normal growth, preservation of decorativeness. Key recommendations:
The principles of the location of trees in the garden, their combination with other plants
When planning a garden, the following categories are used:
The trees are arranged in one or two rows, one by one, according to a certain pattern, in groups of an odd number of representatives of one, different species. You can form the so-called bosquets - mini-groves, which with the help of a haircut make out into dense “live fences”, use both coniferous and deciduous species.
In the presence of vast free spaces, some trees are used as tapeworms - photophilous plants, planted in an open area. Often they split the trunk, so that the tree turns out to be as branched, spreading, has a low landing. In some cases, gardeners, using special techniques, form a spherical, conical, umbrella, pyramidal, weeping crown. Less often, several identical plants are planted close to each other, gradually they almost grow together, from a distance they look like one.
It is also important to correctly combine the elements of green spaces - not all plants are friends. For example, jasmine, lilac, fir, horse chestnut have a detrimental effect on the development of pears, apple trees, and next to mulberry, sea buckthorn it is better not to plant anything at all. Most fruit crops do not tolerate the proximity to birch, maple, and many conifers. Pines, spruce, fir strongly acidify the soil, which is unacceptable for stone fruit, pome seeds. If there is oak, willow, poplar in the garden, their fallen leaves should be removed before they begin to decompose. Some woody species contain phytotoxins that are released into the air - being harmless to humans, they seriously harm other vegetation.
Conclusion
Coniferous and deciduous, stunted and huge garden trees, bushes will decorate, ennoble any house space, allowing you to use the summer cottage not only for digging potatoes, weeding carrots, spraying tomatoes, but also for a good rest, creating the most original home photo shoots against the backdrop of "scenery" self-grown.