Perennial shade-tolerant flowers for the garden blooming all summer
The design of the garden is a complex phenomenon. Every self-respecting summer resident, owner of a piece of land located around the house, wants to make this space as beautiful as possible. But if the "dead" decor is easy to place almost anywhere, then living ornamental plants - no. Most often they need light, some other special conditions. Shade-loving and shade-tolerant perennial flowers for the garden, blooming all summer, will solve most of these problems.
The more tall trees, farm buildings, gazebos in the garden, the higher the fence, the house, the site itself, the more shady it will be. Shade-tolerant flowers or sciogeliophytes are tolerant to constant or periodic shading, in contrast to photophilous - heliophytes. Constant low light affects the appearance of plants:
hardy flowers almost always have wide, large leaves, and the distance between them is large;
flowers growing in the shade are decorated with smooth leaves, while photophilic foliage is folded, textured;
the leaves of the shadow plants are dull, with a lack of moisture they wither faster;
the root system of the shade-loving is usually located just below the surface of the soil; the rhizome itself is thick.
When determining the degree of illumination of a place in a given area, they are guided by the following parameters:
shadow - light comes here less than two to three hours a day;
the shadow is rarefied - the space located under the loose crowns of garden trees grows here and bears fruit most of the famous flowers;
partial shade - the sun's rays illuminate the area for more than three to four hours, usually in the morning or in the evening;
deep shadow - located near buildings, fences, sunlight does not penetrate there at all, which is acceptable for very few species. In the shade, many cereal and ground cover species, shrubs and vines, conifers and ferns feel great.
When choosing decorative perennials for shade, it should be borne in mind that some places are brightly lit in the spring, but shaded in the autumn, are in the sun in the morning, in the shade in the evening.
Popular shade-loving plants for a summer cottage
There are a great many suitable for growing decorative perennials in the country, which feel good in the shade. They are conditionally divided into groups:
shrubs - have very different heights, they are planted in groups, individually, as a "hedge";
grasses are stunted; they play the role of a background planting on a site;
flowers - the average "growth" ranges from 15 to 40 cm, they easily become a bright accent of the garden composition.
Garden geranium and volzhanka, dicenter and aquilegia, hydrangea and hosta, mahogany and derain, geheher and black cohosh, brunner and rogers, fern and akindia, buzulnik and astilba, cotoneaster and privet are successfully grown at their site.
Aquilegia
Aquilegia is also called an eagle or catchment, attributed to perennial herbs. There are more than 120 species of this plant, but only 35 have been cultivated. Leaves on long stalks, flowers of most species are single, drooping, blue, white, raspberry, yellow, are also bicolor. Aquilegia seeds are small, you can propagate by dividing the bush. The plant feels good in partial shade, moist, loose soil, begins to bloom from the second year of life, but retains high decorativeness for about five years, easily forms hybrids when cross-pollinated. Popular varieties: ordinary, fan, blue, golden, Olympic, Canadian. Flowering period - 20-35 days, a single flower lives for two to three weeks, ripened seeds are poisonous.
Garden geranium
Garden geranium or crane, a shrub shade resistant, drought-resistant, not afraid of frost. About 400 species belong to geraniums, but 12 are cultivated in the garden. Most of them have dissected pubescent leaves with long stalks, flowers have five petals. The following species that love shade are most often planted: blood-red, marsh, forest, large-rhizome, marsh. Most geraniums blooms for about a month, planting is recommended. Decorative flower retains 8-11 years, after which the middle gradually dies. The plant needs good drainage, fertile soil, moderate watering, partial shade.
When buying geranium seedlings, you should make sure that this type is intended for growing in the open air, and not in a house, a greenhouse.
Volzhanka
Arunkus dioecious, also called Volzhanka, is ideal for shady areas of the garden. The bushes reach two meters tall, meter wide, have creamy white inflorescences in the form of long panicles, cirrus "ragged" leaves. In the natural environment, there are 12 species. Arunkus blooms a little more than two months (June-July), but retains a beautiful appearance until late autumn. In one place, the Volzhanka grows up to 18-20 years, only young plants are recommended to propagate by dividing the bush. Grown from seeds can bloom no earlier than the third year of life. The most popular cultivated species: short-leaved, alpine.
Dry panicles of aruncus are used in the preparation of winter bouquets - they must be dried in the shade, with good ventilation.
Hydrangea
Hydrangeas include more than 70 species, but the most common are tree-like (varieties sterilis, Annabel, grandiflora), large-leaved (varieties expression, ever pepermint), panicled (varieties Matilda, limelight, kushu, unique), as well as petiolate, duplicate, ashen, radiant. The plant is suitable for creating hedges, decorating large spaces. The flowering of hydrangeas planted in shady areas is longer than in sunny ones. The flowers themselves - snow-white, blue, pink, burgundy or purple, are collected in inflorescences. The height of the bush, depending on the species - 0.7-3 meters, among hydrangeas there are lianas (for example, petiole). In the spring, before the buds open, pruning is necessary - this procedure makes the flowering most magnificent.
Heicher
Perennial geykhera will decorate the most shady sections of the garden with its bright leaves. The height of the plant is about 0.5 meters, the flowers look like panicles of white or pink color, flowering occurs from early July to mid-September.The landing site is selected depending on the variety: heichera with dark green, pale yellow leaves is planted in the shade, openwork partial shade is suitable for variegated specimens. Planting is recommended on neutral soils, elevations, for the winter the plants are mulched. Some geicher varieties are able to change the color of leaves two to three or more times a season, diversifying the garden design. Popular varieties: wagtail, blood red, hybrid, cylindrical, American, small-flowered.
Hosta
Hosta is one of the most unpretentious decorative garden plants. Its leaves are heart-shaped or are narrow, matte or shiny, plain or mottled. The flowers resemble the bells of bluish, lilac, white, pink color, located on long peduncles. At one and the same place the host grows to 25-30 years without any problems, becoming more decorative every year. All varieties are divided into undersized - up to 25 cm, medium - up to 50 cm, large - 70 cm and above. Setting the host in the sun is not recommended - the foliage decorativeness is reduced. The plant is demanding on moisture, because the soil is carefully mulched with needles.
If it is planned to propagate to the host, in the summer all the leaves are cut off from it - then new outlets grow very quickly.
Astilba
Astilba has beautiful shiny foliage, fluffy panicles of flowers. In nature, there are more than 40 species, but not more than 10 are used in floriculture. The plant is classified according to the color of its flowers - white (diamond, avalanche, bergcrystal), white-pink (Brünnhilde, Europe, American), saturated pink (Gloria, pomegranate, Cattleya ), red (glut, vesuvius, foyer), violet (opal, Siegfried, amethyst). The height of the astilbe is 30-120 cm, depending on the species. Flowering occurs from June to September, the foliage remains decorative until the end of autumn. A transplant is required every three to five years - the old plant is divided into parts in early spring, it is rarely propagated by seeds.
Fern
Ferns feel great both on slightly shaded flower beds and under a high big-leafed conifer. The height of the plant is 25-50 cm. The following species are the most decorative: woodsia, chistochnik, skrebnitsa, kochedyzhnik, leaflet, adiantum, holokuchnik. Fern is planted in autumn or spring, it is experiencing severe drought, does not require special conditions for normal growth. If the plant is replanted from the forest, then it is advisable to take some forest land with it so that acclimatization in the new place is as successful as possible. Reproduction is carried out by budding, dividing the bush, as well as spores ripening on the lower surface of the leaves.
Actinidia ("colomict")
Actinidia refers to deciduous vines, has variegated leaves, it tends to curl, relying on any vertical or inclined surface. Plant height - up to seven meters. From actinidia, you can get delicious fruits, remotely resembling kiwi. For this, female and male specimens are planted nearby - it is advisable to use seedlings under the age of four, since older ones take root poorly. Colomicta is winter-hardy, propagated by layering, cuttings, less often - by seeds. Planting is allowed both in the sun and in partial shade, pruning is carried out in mid-May, September. The fruits are edible, ripen in August-September.
Rogersia
Rogersia is not at all picky about choosing a place of growth - it will suit both a dull shadow and hot sunny areas. A sparse shadow is ideal - in excessively dark areas, flowering is not plentiful. This herbaceous plant has small pink, white, boron flowers collected in inflorescences, the leaves are shiny, reminiscent of maple or chestnut. The most popular: elderberry, hundred-leafed, horse chestnut. Reproduction is done by dividing the bush or its rhizome, cuttings. If planted in the fall, the bush quickly reaches large sizes.During the flowering period, Rogers need to be fed, in the heat - mulched.
Buzulnik
Buzulnik is able to become one of the brightest accents of any garden. They plant it on the banks of ponds and planters, in the most shady corners of the site. Buzulnik has up to 150 species, their height is 50-250 cm, leaf color is pale yellow, dark green, red, some varieties change the color of leaves in autumn. The flowers themselves are predominantly yellow, similar to daisies or collected in elongated inflorescences. Common types: dentate (varieties Desdemona, Othello, Orange Queen), Przewalski Buzulnik (maple leaf, rocket). Flowering lasts 20-30 days, in the bright sun, flowers and leaves wither, but quickly recover when a shadow comes. A transplant is required every four to five years, in the heat abundant watering is needed.
Brunner (“forget-me-not”)
Brunner or forget-me-not refers to herbaceous perennials, has only three species. Of these, only large-leaved and Siberian are cultivated in gardens. It is advisable to plant the plant in places where the sun shines in the morning, and after lunch the shadow falls. The banks of reservoirs are optimally suited, where in any weather constant soil moisture is maintained. Plant height - 20-60 cm. Brunner leaves are heart-shaped, colored green, but often variegated, with white or bluish blotches. Withered foliage must be removed periodically. Flowering occurs in late May - June, for almost a month, the inflorescences are loose, bluish, the seeds begin to ripen from the end of June. Forget-me-nots are propagated by seed or by dividing a bush.
Black cohosh ("tsimitsifuga")
Black cohosh or tsimitsifuga - tenacious, frost-resistant, unpretentious, elegant perennial. It is able to grow in one place for more than 20 years, grows up to 60-180 cm tall. The flowers collected in inflorescences are painted in a creamy white, pinkish color, have an unpleasant odor, flowering begins in late August, when most plants have already faded. The best place to plant is the moist shady corners of the garden. It is important to know that all specimens are poisonous - planting, pruning, other care must be carried out with rubber gloves.Varieties: simple, branched, racemose, heart-shaped.
The decoction of the roots of tsimitsifugi has the ability to deter many types of insect pests.
Dicentra ("broken heart")
The dicenter, the flowers of which resemble small hearts of different colors, grows well both in the garden and on the windowsill. The plant has openwork leaves, prefers moist soil, high-quality drainage, nitrogen fertilizers. If you plant the dicenter in the sun, the bush will be small, but it will bloom early, in the shade it will grow larger, it will bloom for a long time. In one place, a “broken heart” grows well up to five years, after which a transplant is recommended. Reproduction is carried out by cuttings, dividing the bush, less often - by planting seeds. Depending on the species, the height of the flower ranges from 20 cm to three meters. Popular varieties: beautiful, "golden tears", elegant, gorgeous, napellus.
How to care for shade-loving plants
Caring for vegetation that prefers shade is slightly different from that required by perennials who prefer the sun. The soil in shaded areas near ponds, fences, buildings is more humid, but under the canopy of tall trees it is dry, since the lush crown hardly passes water. So that after watering the moisture does not leave the soil for as long as possible, mulching is done using sawdust, needles, dry grass, artificial non-woven materials. This is especially important when the kindergarten is located in a hot, arid region.
Curly grades must be given the opportunity to "crawl" along the wall of the house, arbors, cling to specially framed trellises. Species that can grow excessively sometimes require a limitation of 30-50 cm deep in the pieces of slate, plastic, etc. Thinning, weeding, loosening, trimming, timely transplanting, pest control and disease prevention are also necessary for most garden perennials.
In hot summers, plentiful watering is necessary even for flowers growing in corners where sunlight hardly penetrates. The water should not be icy - it is desirable that it is slightly warmed up in the sun. The quality of the soil itself is also important - the soil is recommended fertile, well-drained, enriched with humus, compost, store fertilizers. Top dressing is necessary throughout the entire growth period - from the appearance of the first leaves, buds blooming, to the full ripening of fruits and seeds. The acidity level is selected individually for each species - a suitable composition is “seasoned” directly into the landing hole.
Shade-loving plants are planted in groups on mixboards, alpine hills, curly - along fences, buildings, large - as tapeworms, hedges. Landing according to a certain scheme is also very popular: when the flowerbed is viewed from all sides, the highest species are planted in the center, after - medium, along the edge - low or dwarf. The flower arrangement is monochrome, contrasting, made in close tones to each other. It is important to choose the vegetation in such a way that the flowerbed has the most decorative appearance from spring to late autumn - when some perennials have bloomed, others will bloom to replace them. If desired, flowers, especially ampelous ones, are placed in tubs on the veranda, vertical multi-tiered flower beds - constant watering is very important here.
Conclusion
So that certain places of the shady garden do not remain empty, they are planted with suitable vegetation. Unpretentious, long-flowering perennials grow well, bloom in the shade of houses, sheds, under medium density crowns of fruit, ornamental leaves and even conifers. Among them there are undersized and gigantic, erect and ampelous, which allows you to choose the most acceptable views to create the most beautiful landscape design of any garden.
The design of the garden is a complex phenomenon. Every self-respecting summer resident, owner of a piece of land located around the house, wants to make this space as beautiful as possible. But if the "dead" decor is easy to place almost anywhere, then living ornamental plants - no. Most often they need light, some other special conditions. Shade-loving and shade-tolerant perennial flowers for the garden, blooming all summer, will solve most of these problems.
Content
Characterization of shade-loving plants
The more tall trees, farm buildings, gazebos in the garden, the higher the fence, the house, the site itself, the more shady it will be. Shade-tolerant flowers or sciogeliophytes are tolerant to constant or periodic shading, in contrast to photophilous - heliophytes. Constant low light affects the appearance of plants:
When determining the degree of illumination of a place in a given area, they are guided by the following parameters:
In the shade, many cereal and ground cover species, shrubs and vines, conifers and ferns feel great.
Popular shade-loving plants for a summer cottage
There are a great many suitable for growing decorative perennials in the country, which feel good in the shade. They are conditionally divided into groups:
Garden geranium and volzhanka, dicenter and aquilegia, hydrangea and hosta, mahogany and derain, geheher and black cohosh, brunner and rogers, fern and akindia, buzulnik and astilba, cotoneaster and privet are successfully grown at their site.
Aquilegia
Aquilegia is also called an eagle or catchment, attributed to perennial herbs. There are more than 120 species of this plant, but only 35 have been cultivated. Leaves on long stalks, flowers of most species are single, drooping, blue, white, raspberry, yellow, are also bicolor. Aquilegia seeds are small, you can propagate by dividing the bush. The plant feels good in partial shade, moist, loose soil, begins to bloom from the second year of life, but retains high decorativeness for about five years, easily forms hybrids when cross-pollinated. Popular varieties: ordinary, fan, blue, golden, Olympic, Canadian. Flowering period - 20-35 days, a single flower lives for two to three weeks, ripened seeds are poisonous.
Garden geranium
Garden geranium or crane, a shrub shade resistant, drought-resistant, not afraid of frost. About 400 species belong to geraniums, but 12 are cultivated in the garden. Most of them have dissected pubescent leaves with long stalks, flowers have five petals. The following species that love shade are most often planted: blood-red, marsh, forest, large-rhizome, marsh. Most geraniums blooms for about a month, planting is recommended. Decorative flower retains 8-11 years, after which the middle gradually dies. The plant needs good drainage, fertile soil, moderate watering, partial shade.
Volzhanka
Arunkus dioecious, also called Volzhanka, is ideal for shady areas of the garden. The bushes reach two meters tall, meter wide, have creamy white inflorescences in the form of long panicles, cirrus "ragged" leaves. In the natural environment, there are 12 species. Arunkus blooms a little more than two months (June-July), but retains a beautiful appearance until late autumn. In one place, the Volzhanka grows up to 18-20 years, only young plants are recommended to propagate by dividing the bush. Grown from seeds can bloom no earlier than the third year of life. The most popular cultivated species: short-leaved, alpine.
Hydrangea
Hydrangeas include more than 70 species, but the most common are tree-like (varieties sterilis, Annabel, grandiflora), large-leaved (varieties expression, ever pepermint), panicled (varieties Matilda, limelight, kushu, unique), as well as petiolate, duplicate, ashen, radiant. The plant is suitable for creating hedges, decorating large spaces. The flowering of hydrangeas planted in shady areas is longer than in sunny ones. The flowers themselves - snow-white, blue, pink, burgundy or purple, are collected in inflorescences. The height of the bush, depending on the species - 0.7-3 meters, among hydrangeas there are lianas (for example, petiole). In the spring, before the buds open, pruning is necessary - this procedure makes the flowering most magnificent.
Heicher
Perennial geykhera will decorate the most shady sections of the garden with its bright leaves. The height of the plant is about 0.5 meters, the flowers look like panicles of white or pink color, flowering occurs from early July to mid-September.The landing site is selected depending on the variety: heichera with dark green, pale yellow leaves is planted in the shade, openwork partial shade is suitable for variegated specimens. Planting is recommended on neutral soils, elevations, for the winter the plants are mulched. Some geicher varieties are able to change the color of leaves two to three or more times a season, diversifying the garden design. Popular varieties: wagtail, blood red, hybrid, cylindrical, American, small-flowered.
Hosta
Hosta is one of the most unpretentious decorative garden plants. Its leaves are heart-shaped or are narrow, matte or shiny, plain or mottled. The flowers resemble the bells of bluish, lilac, white, pink color, located on long peduncles. At one and the same place the host grows to 25-30 years without any problems, becoming more decorative every year. All varieties are divided into undersized - up to 25 cm, medium - up to 50 cm, large - 70 cm and above. Setting the host in the sun is not recommended - the foliage decorativeness is reduced. The plant is demanding on moisture, because the soil is carefully mulched with needles.
Astilba
Astilba has beautiful shiny foliage, fluffy panicles of flowers. In nature, there are more than 40 species, but not more than 10 are used in floriculture. The plant is classified according to the color of its flowers - white (diamond, avalanche, bergcrystal), white-pink (Brünnhilde, Europe, American), saturated pink (Gloria, pomegranate, Cattleya ), red (glut, vesuvius, foyer), violet (opal, Siegfried, amethyst). The height of the astilbe is 30-120 cm, depending on the species. Flowering occurs from June to September, the foliage remains decorative until the end of autumn. A transplant is required every three to five years - the old plant is divided into parts in early spring, it is rarely propagated by seeds.
Fern
Ferns feel great both on slightly shaded flower beds and under a high big-leafed conifer. The height of the plant is 25-50 cm. The following species are the most decorative: woodsia, chistochnik, skrebnitsa, kochedyzhnik, leaflet, adiantum, holokuchnik. Fern is planted in autumn or spring, it is experiencing severe drought, does not require special conditions for normal growth. If the plant is replanted from the forest, then it is advisable to take some forest land with it so that acclimatization in the new place is as successful as possible. Reproduction is carried out by budding, dividing the bush, as well as spores ripening on the lower surface of the leaves.
Actinidia ("colomict")
Actinidia refers to deciduous vines, has variegated leaves, it tends to curl, relying on any vertical or inclined surface. Plant height - up to seven meters. From actinidia, you can get delicious fruits, remotely resembling kiwi. For this, female and male specimens are planted nearby - it is advisable to use seedlings under the age of four, since older ones take root poorly. Colomicta is winter-hardy, propagated by layering, cuttings, less often - by seeds. Planting is allowed both in the sun and in partial shade, pruning is carried out in mid-May, September. The fruits are edible, ripen in August-September.
Rogersia
Rogersia is not at all picky about choosing a place of growth - it will suit both a dull shadow and hot sunny areas. A sparse shadow is ideal - in excessively dark areas, flowering is not plentiful. This herbaceous plant has small pink, white, boron flowers collected in inflorescences, the leaves are shiny, reminiscent of maple or chestnut. The most popular: elderberry, hundred-leafed, horse chestnut. Reproduction is done by dividing the bush or its rhizome, cuttings. If planted in the fall, the bush quickly reaches large sizes.During the flowering period, Rogers need to be fed, in the heat - mulched.
Buzulnik
Buzulnik is able to become one of the brightest accents of any garden. They plant it on the banks of ponds and planters, in the most shady corners of the site. Buzulnik has up to 150 species, their height is 50-250 cm, leaf color is pale yellow, dark green, red, some varieties change the color of leaves in autumn. The flowers themselves are predominantly yellow, similar to daisies or collected in elongated inflorescences. Common types: dentate (varieties Desdemona, Othello, Orange Queen), Przewalski Buzulnik (maple leaf, rocket). Flowering lasts 20-30 days, in the bright sun, flowers and leaves wither, but quickly recover when a shadow comes. A transplant is required every four to five years, in the heat abundant watering is needed.
Brunner (“forget-me-not”)
Brunner or forget-me-not refers to herbaceous perennials, has only three species. Of these, only large-leaved and Siberian are cultivated in gardens. It is advisable to plant the plant in places where the sun shines in the morning, and after lunch the shadow falls. The banks of reservoirs are optimally suited, where in any weather constant soil moisture is maintained. Plant height - 20-60 cm. Brunner leaves are heart-shaped, colored green, but often variegated, with white or bluish blotches. Withered foliage must be removed periodically. Flowering occurs in late May - June, for almost a month, the inflorescences are loose, bluish, the seeds begin to ripen from the end of June. Forget-me-nots are propagated by seed or by dividing a bush.
Black cohosh ("tsimitsifuga")
Black cohosh or tsimitsifuga - tenacious, frost-resistant, unpretentious, elegant perennial. It is able to grow in one place for more than 20 years, grows up to 60-180 cm tall. The flowers collected in inflorescences are painted in a creamy white, pinkish color, have an unpleasant odor, flowering begins in late August, when most plants have already faded. The best place to plant is the moist shady corners of the garden. It is important to know that all specimens are poisonous - planting, pruning, other care must be carried out with rubber gloves.Varieties: simple, branched, racemose, heart-shaped.
Dicentra ("broken heart")
The dicenter, the flowers of which resemble small hearts of different colors, grows well both in the garden and on the windowsill. The plant has openwork leaves, prefers moist soil, high-quality drainage, nitrogen fertilizers. If you plant the dicenter in the sun, the bush will be small, but it will bloom early, in the shade it will grow larger, it will bloom for a long time. In one place, a “broken heart” grows well up to five years, after which a transplant is recommended. Reproduction is carried out by cuttings, dividing the bush, less often - by planting seeds. Depending on the species, the height of the flower ranges from 20 cm to three meters. Popular varieties: beautiful, "golden tears", elegant, gorgeous, napellus.
How to care for shade-loving plants
Caring for vegetation that prefers shade is slightly different from that required by perennials who prefer the sun. The soil in shaded areas near ponds, fences, buildings is more humid, but under the canopy of tall trees it is dry, since the lush crown hardly passes water. So that after watering the moisture does not leave the soil for as long as possible, mulching is done using sawdust, needles, dry grass, artificial non-woven materials. This is especially important when the kindergarten is located in a hot, arid region.
Curly grades must be given the opportunity to "crawl" along the wall of the house, arbors, cling to specially framed trellises. Species that can grow excessively sometimes require a limitation of 30-50 cm deep in the pieces of slate, plastic, etc. Thinning, weeding, loosening, trimming, timely transplanting, pest control and disease prevention are also necessary for most garden perennials.
In hot summers, plentiful watering is necessary even for flowers growing in corners where sunlight hardly penetrates. The water should not be icy - it is desirable that it is slightly warmed up in the sun. The quality of the soil itself is also important - the soil is recommended fertile, well-drained, enriched with humus, compost, store fertilizers. Top dressing is necessary throughout the entire growth period - from the appearance of the first leaves, buds blooming, to the full ripening of fruits and seeds. The acidity level is selected individually for each species - a suitable composition is “seasoned” directly into the landing hole.
Shade-loving plants are planted in groups on mixboards, alpine hills, curly - along fences, buildings, large - as tapeworms, hedges. Landing according to a certain scheme is also very popular: when the flowerbed is viewed from all sides, the highest species are planted in the center, after - medium, along the edge - low or dwarf. The flower arrangement is monochrome, contrasting, made in close tones to each other. It is important to choose the vegetation in such a way that the flowerbed has the most decorative appearance from spring to late autumn - when some perennials have bloomed, others will bloom to replace them. If desired, flowers, especially ampelous ones, are placed in tubs on the veranda, vertical multi-tiered flower beds - constant watering is very important here.
Conclusion
So that certain places of the shady garden do not remain empty, they are planted with suitable vegetation. Unpretentious, long-flowering perennials grow well, bloom in the shade of houses, sheds, under medium density crowns of fruit, ornamental leaves and even conifers. Among them there are undersized and gigantic, erect and ampelous, which allows you to choose the most acceptable views to create the most beautiful landscape design of any garden.