In the interval between the beginning of the repair and getting the finished result, people see bare walls. As a rule, it is impossible to apply facing to an unprocessed coating. After removing the old wall trim, you have to clean it of fragments, as well as level and keep it dry. At the next stage, the ideal putty is chosen and the solution is prepared. It is this material that is used most often, usually with a primer, and if necessary, with grids as a frame. Putty is starting and finishing, as well as intended for indoor and outdoor use. Based on the name, the start is used as the first layer, and the finish - as the topcoat. Outside, more resistant options are used, and the premises are sometimes finished with decorative putty - if it will serve as a finished surface.To understand how to properly putty the walls, you need to familiarize yourself with the basic nuances of self-finishing.
Putty is applied on horizontal, and often also on vertical surfaces, so that the coating is homogeneous, without recesses and protrusions. So do cosmetic alignment, which cannot, for example, be achieved with plaster. The wall will be perfectly smooth and without roughness after grinding, which is started after putty. Such manipulations are made, including for the subsequent application of decorative plaster, painting, wallpapering, non-woven or single-layer. Usually apply 2 layers of putty and 1 primer. It is not necessary to putty the walls under the textured wallpaper, but in the case of tiles, the situations are different. Sometimes this cannot be done, under other circumstances - it is possible, and sometimes there is a need for at least putty. Alignment of the walls must be carried out before finishing with a glossy finish, as it emphasizes minor flaws.
Types of putty for walls and their features
Walls are usually covered with 2 layers of material. The second adds strength and provides a high-quality coating for the cladding. The start and finish layers are laid at intervals.Moreover, sometimes you have to work for one approach, so that there are no divorces and differences in structure. Some mixtures dry in minutes. The quality of both its coating and cladding depends on the composition of the finishing putty. You can achieve a perfectly smooth surface. The upper putty is always selected with less inclusions. Facade putty materials, as well as intended for internal use, can have decorative qualities. Moreover, their distinctive quality is their resistance to ultraviolet radiation, rain, frost. In its diversity, the facade putty is inferior to the indoor version, but also has varieties for each type of coating, universal mixtures. It is also applied in several layers, but usually they do not finish with a finer structure.
Starting putty
The function of the starting (base) putty is to level it. In most cases, the material is applied to:
concrete coating;
brick;
walls with a deviation from the level;
surfaces with chips and cracks.
Basic putty is sometimes placed on a reinforcing mesh. Mainly due to the seriousness of the defects, their large number or area, a strong deviation from the level. Without a grid, the consumption of plaster is large. Starting fillings also fill the gates, align window openings.
Varieties of base putties are cement, gypsum and polymer finished options, as well as gypsum-chalk and oil, which are made independently. Polymeric have elasticity and do not shrink, are relatively expensive. Gypsum is used for dry heated rooms. They dry quickly and also do not shrink. Cement is used in wet rooms, but it shrinks. There are also putties for metals and wood, such as epoxy and adhesive.
Finishing putty
It is used to level, completely hide defects, harden the leveling layer and increase ductility.Finishing material has better aesthetic qualities than starting material. After drying, cracks do not appear, lumps do not form in the mixture itself. Unlike starting putty, the finish includes small fractions. The strength of the coating guarantees high adhesion. In this case, the person who takes the spatula in his hands for the first time will be able to apply the material. After finishing with finishing putty, you can paint the wall and not be afraid that the paint will lie unevenly. Even at the stage of purchase should clarify the issue of compatibility of the finish and base putty. It is better to choose materials of the same brand. It is theoretically possible to cause damage to the bottom coating due to the top and vice versa. Then peeling happens. Another difficulty lies in calculating the correct amount of finish coat.
Facade putty
This type of putty is characterized by improved adhesion to various materials. It is easy to process. The facade mixture can be applied at low temperatures. The finished coating tolerates the effects of precipitation, ultraviolet rays and temperature changes. It is worth noting the resistance to pollution and mechanical damage. Facade putty is conveniently distributed on the wall, and after its application it is possible to cover with any paints and varnishes. On the packaging and at the seller, you should ask about the technical characteristics that differ for different mixtures. We are talking about the required layer thickness, drying time, components, flow rate and minimum air temperature at which the putty can be applied. The composition distinguishes between silicone, silicate, cement, oil, acrylic and acrylate mixtures.
Varieties in composition
Types of putty:
Gypsum;
Acrylic
Latex;
Polymer;
Oil;
Cement;
Silicone;
Silicate;
Glue;
Epoxy.
Varieties are used depending on the characteristics and coating material, place of application, climate in the case of facade putty. Acrylic and latex materials have a dense structure and increased elasticity.Simple and inexpensive gypsum putty is used on a variety of objects, but only in dry rooms. The coating does not shrink. There will be no shrinkage in the case of polymer mixtures. They are not cheap, but in some sense they are the “golden mean”. Silicate “are not afraid” of mechanical impact and moisture, but have limitations on the thickness of the layer. Adhesive and epoxy options are suitable for processing and hiding defects on finished wooden coatings. Their large color gamut allows you to work on metal. Oil putty has increased stability. In addition, it will not dry out too quickly.
Gypsum
The gypsum is a cementing element. The tool is used mainly for painting walls in dry rooms. The feature of the material allows you to level the walls to obtain an almost perfectly even coating without traces of a spatula and stains. Gypsum putty dries quickly and does not shrink. Due to the drying speed, gypsum mixtures are kneaded in small portions and immediately applied. In this case, the drying process can be captured visually. No toxic and aggressive chemical additives are added to the gypsum-based plaster, so the scope of application includes rooms for various purposes. Use gypsum material in children's rooms, kindergartens, resorts, hospitals. At the same time, it is not suitable for processing exterior walls and coatings in the bathroom. From moisture, this kind of finish swells and exfoliates.
Acrylic
It is a thick solution and does not need to be diluted with water. On the surface, it prevents deformation and cracking. Acrylic material is used in repair and decoration works of various types. Moreover, sometimes it is also a finishing finish simultaneously with the functions of the leveling layer. The substance has a pasty structure, so that control over the thickness of the coating is possible.High strength, along with wood, contributes to the use in high loads. There are also options for acrylic putty with a wood texture for woodwork.
The material has 5 important advantages. It is homogeneous and absolutely eco-friendly. Acrylic coating easily tolerates numerous cycles of freezing / freezing, which in central Russia can happen up to ten per year. In addition, the acrylic layer protects against cold and allows steam to pass through.
Latex
A plastic, tenacious substance that does not shrink. They lay it even in thin layers. Prior to surface treatment, putty is kept at room temperature. The mixture is diluted in a similar manner, as is the case with cement mortar. Gradually add water and work with a mixer until the composition becomes homogeneous. The surface layer of material that has not yet been dried is leveled with a moistened sponge. On a dry coating, you can work with sandpaper, but very carefully. Latex putty after application "gives" a thick shell that does not crack and does not crumble. 0.5 m² to 2 kg of putty is consumed per 1 m². The start and finish layers have a thickness of 0.5 to 3 mm. The drying time of each of the layers is approximately 12 minutes. Deep cracks are closed with several layers, after which they wipe the surface with medium-sized sandpaper.
Polymer
The option is considered average, in the sense that it has fewer restrictions for use. Macromolecular compounds of monomer units of organic or synthetic origin give properties to the material. In polymer mixtures, resistance to moisture, steam, and the influence of temperature contrasts is noted. Putty dries quickly, and the coating is plastic and durable. In addition to the main living rooms, it is used in bathrooms, toilets, kitchens, for decorating the facade and exterior. Buyers get smooth, almost specularly even coatings.The high cost of polymer plaster forces us to look for alternatives. Improving the technology and characteristics of mixtures gives the market options with the same quality, but less material consumption. In addition, this type of putty can be used without residue.
We select spatulas for puttying walls and aligning corners
We select a spatula with an even rectilinear shape of the canvas, and it is desirable that it be long. Any other proportions will badly affect the quality of the application, so you will have to make a lot of additional movements and correct defects. We also pay attention to its flexibility - it should not give in to light effort. We also look at the wave (bending) of the canvas: a slight curvature is normal, but the defect will be visible to the naked eye. Even expensive spatulas have excessive curvature. Stainless steel is considered the best material for the canvas.
We pay attention to the handle of the spatula. A good pen has the following parameters:
short length;
convenient structure;
rigidity.
For work with corners it is necessary to get an angular putty knife. It is made in the form of 2 square / rectangular planes connected at right angles. We buy 2 models at once: for internal and external corners.
Calculation of the required amount of mixture
The wall parameters should be measured: height, width. We also measure the size of the openings. We enter these data into a special calculator, as well as the approximate thickness of the general putty layer - we get the result in kilograms. Sometimes you can get information on different manufacturers, in bags.
The calculation of the starting putty is made taking into account the curvature of the walls, so we measure deviations by level. Walls without defects can be covered with a consumption of 1.2 kg / m². It will grow 2-3 times if the bumps are visible visually. If the curvature is very large, then the initial indicator of 1.2 kg / m² can increase 5-8 times.
Finishing putty is applied with a thinner layer.They focus on the consumption of 0.5-1 kg / m² and a layer thickness of 0.5 mm - these are average figures.
Universal putty is something average in size fractions. For the upper layer of the universal mixture, the consumption will be 0.9–1 kg / m².
When working on drywall, plaster and other materials, the flow rate will be different!
How to prepare the walls
The ideal base for putty has sufficient strength and does not exfoliate. The wall gets rid of the old coating: plaster, wallpaper, old putty under them. Dirt and corrosion deposits are also removed. Also do not leave a loose structure.
A frozen or damp wall cannot be putty. Sometimes they wait several days until the surfaces get the right condition. Then they prepare tools and means directly for applying putty.
If necessary, the walls are treated with a degreasing agent. It is definitely worth using antifungal protection, because then it will be very difficult to fight the fungus. The cleaned wall is checked by the building level for deviations vertically and horizontally. A very large drop is putty together with a reinforcing mesh. Noticeable grooves and irregularities hide several times. For one approach, putty of different thicknesses is putty depending on the material and the purpose of the layer (starting, finishing).
The technology of applying putty on various surfaces for different finishes
The agent is applied differently depending on:
wall material;
facing options;
the presence of joints.
Often work with drywall. Processing can cause problems due to seams and fasteners. They are covered separately, and then together with the rest of the surface. Seams are treated twice during the first application of the putty mixture. Putty for painting should be dense and even. Staining is used in the case of fiberglass. It will be difficult to do without puttying, because the relief of the canvas 2, 3 and even 4 four layers of paint can not hide.Under the wallpaper, the walls are puttied to a perfectly even coating. Theoretically, you can do with one layer of universal material, but the main thing is that the surface is perfect. To work with corners, spatulas of the appropriate form and sloping corners are used. The internal ones are processed with the help of a serpentine and a variety of angular spatula - its handle is attached to perpendicular planes on the other hand.
Drywall puttying rules
Sheets of this material are usually attached to a metal frame - with self-tapping screws. All fasteners are hidden, but first they are carried out with a spatula to check how recessed they are in the sheets. If the tool fails somewhere, then the fasteners must be tightened with a screwdriver. The drywall surface does not hurt to be treated with a primer. After the primer solution has dried, each fastener individually is putty. Places should be remembered so that after filling the entire wall, sand them carefully, and in a separate order - the next step is to apply the mixture to the entire surface of the drywall.
Suture processing has its own rules. Start by applying 1 layer throughout the seam. Serpentine is applied to the fresh mixture and pressed with a spatula. Then the place is covered with a second layer. It is then dried and ground.
Technique of puttying walls for painting
For processing before painting usually use polymer, cement or gypsum putty. The best option is polymer. The wall is covered in 2 layers. The second, finish make it as uniform, dense and durable as possible. When working, use a wide and narrow spatula. The tool is held at an angle of 20 to 30 degrees. First, the starting coating is leveled with an adhesive jointer. The finish layer is sanded with an emery cloth or jointer with a mesh parameter of P80 or P120.
All subsequent layers are laid only when the previous one dries. When drying the coating, it is impossible to allow exposure to hot flows from heating devices, a fan heater or a hairdryer.The surface also protects from direct sunlight. Putty for painting jobs should not be bred in large portions. In addition, training on the test surface does not hurt.
Puttying the walls for wallpapering
In the case of a flat wall, the mixture is applied first in the corners, and then distributed throughout the wall. This is done twice, after which the coating is primed. Starting putty removes all cracks, microholes and shells on the wall, hides the bulges. Its thickness is selected within 3-5 mm. The finish makes the coating smooth. Mixtures with the smallest fraction size are used, because the roughness under the wallpaper looks very bad. The thickness of the upper layer of the putty for wallpaper ideally is 1.5-2 mm.
For work, you need a grater to smooth the surface. And it is better that it has several coating options: from abrasive mesh to genuine leather or sandpaper. To apply the first layer of putty, you can use a roller and at the same time - help yourself with a spatula. For priming, a medium-width brush should be used.
Features of applying putty on internal and external corners
As for the external corners, first a slant corner is cut along the length of the corner. Then it is applied to the outer face on the wall and see if there is deformation of the coating, and if so, how pronounced it is. With a relatively flat surface in the corners, this manipulation is carried out already at the finishing putty. Putty is applied on uneven edges with light throws with an increase in the amount of material in the places of deformation. Subsequently, the tool is applied and pressed into the putty, the evenness is checked by the building level. The corner is smeared with putty. At the end, the outer face is treated with sandpaper.
Internal process differently. Use a serpentine 50 mm wide: put as evenly as possible, without the slightest distortion. Then put the starting layer of putty. When it dries, the evenness of the coating is checked by level.Then apply the finish layer.
In order for the corners to maintain integrity and not crack, the room must be kept at the same temperature for at least a day!
Fiberglass puttying
First apply a primer and wait from 1 to 6 hours until it dries. 2-3 layers of putty are then applied along each joint of the canvas, releasing not more than 1 mm of material on each. The last layer is formed from the finishing plaster. The surface is then checked for cracks, crevices and protrusions. Eliminate the least flaws. Use fine-grained sandpaper, and ideally, a silicon mesh for stripping. Then paint is already applied to the fiberglass coated with putty. Therefore, the second time using a primer. A fiberglass is checked for readiness by a flashlight: the light will show the shortcomings that remain. Puttying helps to save paint consumption, because fiberglass absorbs it very actively. It is theoretically possible to do without puttying, but even under several layers of paint the texture of the canvas will shine through, and it will take a lot of time for 4-5 layers. Fiberglass pores are painted poorly.
Sanding the walls after puttying
After finishing putty, the surface is leveled with sandpaper, sponge or grater. Sandpaper is chosen based on how smooth the coating should be, and how embossed it is now. For sanding perfectly flat surfaces use the smallest sandpaper. The rest is best treated with skins of different grain sizes. At the same time, you should start with sandpaper with grain 60, and end with option 120. To work on a large area, you should use a machine with sandpaper. At the same time, it is better to use it manually in corners, shallow recesses and grooves. To control the situation, the walls are lit: you need to move from large to small flaws. When grinding, they work first in the corners, and then move to the center.
Alternative wet sanding is also used.Using a special sponge with a handle, the wall is slowly leveled and waiting for complete drying to repeat the procedure. The result will be high-quality, but it will take a lot of time.
Expert advice: how to choose the right putty
In living rooms, offices, offices and other rooms with a normal level of humidity, budget gypsum putty is suitable. The bathroom is filled with cement mixtures, a little less often - acrylic. For the decoration of the facade, the most wear-resistant mixtures are selected.
Before painting, the walls are finished with polymer or gypsum putty. Drywall is treated with materials for dry rooms.
Sometimes both types of putty, starting and finishing, can be replaced by a universal one, combining their characteristics in terms of the size of inclusions and the characteristics of the binder. There are specialized mixtures for individual places. For example, only for joints, large cracks, etc.
The most popular options are polymer and gypsum plaster. Consumers like them for their ease of use and compatibility with almost all types of roughing.
Conclusion
Renovations in old or new newly acquired housing usually begin with walls. In empty apartments of new buildings, owners deal with both pre-finished coatings and bare walls. If their choice has settled on a relatively simple version of the cladding without embossed wallpaper, panels and other things, then most likely it will require puttying. Mixtures for leveling walls are basic, finishing, universal and specialized. There is material for the facade with increased resistance to physical factors. In a normal-sized apartment, you can putty yourself. In a month - one and a half it will be possible to process all the walls. At the same time, you will need a building level, grinding devices, spatulas and mixers. The most popular are gypsum, acrylic and polymer putties.Instead of store options, you can independently prepare a gypsum-chalk or oil mixture.
In the interval between the beginning of the repair and getting the finished result, people see bare walls. As a rule, it is impossible to apply facing to an unprocessed coating. After removing the old wall trim, you have to clean it of fragments, as well as level and keep it dry. At the next stage, the ideal putty is chosen and the solution is prepared. It is this material that is used most often, usually with a primer, and if necessary, with grids as a frame. Putty is starting and finishing, as well as intended for indoor and outdoor use. Based on the name, the start is used as the first layer, and the finish - as the topcoat. Outside, more resistant options are used, and the premises are sometimes finished with decorative putty - if it will serve as a finished surface.To understand how to properly putty the walls, you need to familiarize yourself with the basic nuances of self-finishing.
Content
What are the walls putty for?
Putty is applied on horizontal, and often also on vertical surfaces, so that the coating is homogeneous, without recesses and protrusions. So do cosmetic alignment, which cannot, for example, be achieved with plaster. The wall will be perfectly smooth and without roughness after grinding, which is started after putty. Such manipulations are made, including for the subsequent application of decorative plaster, painting, wallpapering, non-woven or single-layer. Usually apply 2 layers of putty and 1 primer. It is not necessary to putty the walls under the textured wallpaper, but in the case of tiles, the situations are different. Sometimes this cannot be done, under other circumstances - it is possible, and sometimes there is a need for at least putty. Alignment of the walls must be carried out before finishing with a glossy finish, as it emphasizes minor flaws.
Types of putty for walls and their features
Walls are usually covered with 2 layers of material. The second adds strength and provides a high-quality coating for the cladding. The start and finish layers are laid at intervals.Moreover, sometimes you have to work for one approach, so that there are no divorces and differences in structure. Some mixtures dry in minutes. The quality of both its coating and cladding depends on the composition of the finishing putty. You can achieve a perfectly smooth surface. The upper putty is always selected with less inclusions. Facade putty materials, as well as intended for internal use, can have decorative qualities. Moreover, their distinctive quality is their resistance to ultraviolet radiation, rain, frost. In its diversity, the facade putty is inferior to the indoor version, but also has varieties for each type of coating, universal mixtures. It is also applied in several layers, but usually they do not finish with a finer structure.
Starting putty
The function of the starting (base) putty is to level it. In most cases, the material is applied to:
Basic putty is sometimes placed on a reinforcing mesh. Mainly due to the seriousness of the defects, their large number or area, a strong deviation from the level. Without a grid, the consumption of plaster is large. Starting fillings also fill the gates, align window openings.
Varieties of base putties are cement, gypsum and polymer finished options, as well as gypsum-chalk and oil, which are made independently. Polymeric have elasticity and do not shrink, are relatively expensive. Gypsum is used for dry heated rooms. They dry quickly and also do not shrink. Cement is used in wet rooms, but it shrinks. There are also putties for metals and wood, such as epoxy and adhesive.
Finishing putty
It is used to level, completely hide defects, harden the leveling layer and increase ductility.Finishing material has better aesthetic qualities than starting material. After drying, cracks do not appear, lumps do not form in the mixture itself. Unlike starting putty, the finish includes small fractions. The strength of the coating guarantees high adhesion. In this case, the person who takes the spatula in his hands for the first time will be able to apply the material. After finishing with finishing putty, you can paint the wall and not be afraid that the paint will lie unevenly. Even at the stage of purchase should clarify the issue of compatibility of the finish and base putty. It is better to choose materials of the same brand. It is theoretically possible to cause damage to the bottom coating due to the top and vice versa. Then peeling happens. Another difficulty lies in calculating the correct amount of finish coat.
Facade putty
This type of putty is characterized by improved adhesion to various materials. It is easy to process. The facade mixture can be applied at low temperatures. The finished coating tolerates the effects of precipitation, ultraviolet rays and temperature changes. It is worth noting the resistance to pollution and mechanical damage. Facade putty is conveniently distributed on the wall, and after its application it is possible to cover with any paints and varnishes. On the packaging and at the seller, you should ask about the technical characteristics that differ for different mixtures. We are talking about the required layer thickness, drying time, components, flow rate and minimum air temperature at which the putty can be applied. The composition distinguishes between silicone, silicate, cement, oil, acrylic and acrylate mixtures.
Varieties in composition
Types of putty:
Varieties are used depending on the characteristics and coating material, place of application, climate in the case of facade putty. Acrylic and latex materials have a dense structure and increased elasticity.Simple and inexpensive gypsum putty is used on a variety of objects, but only in dry rooms. The coating does not shrink. There will be no shrinkage in the case of polymer mixtures. They are not cheap, but in some sense they are the “golden mean”. Silicate “are not afraid” of mechanical impact and moisture, but have limitations on the thickness of the layer. Adhesive and epoxy options are suitable for processing and hiding defects on finished wooden coatings. Their large color gamut allows you to work on metal. Oil putty has increased stability. In addition, it will not dry out too quickly.
Gypsum
The gypsum is a cementing element. The tool is used mainly for painting walls in dry rooms. The feature of the material allows you to level the walls to obtain an almost perfectly even coating without traces of a spatula and stains. Gypsum putty dries quickly and does not shrink. Due to the drying speed, gypsum mixtures are kneaded in small portions and immediately applied. In this case, the drying process can be captured visually. No toxic and aggressive chemical additives are added to the gypsum-based plaster, so the scope of application includes rooms for various purposes. Use gypsum material in children's rooms, kindergartens, resorts, hospitals. At the same time, it is not suitable for processing exterior walls and coatings in the bathroom. From moisture, this kind of finish swells and exfoliates.
Acrylic
It is a thick solution and does not need to be diluted with water. On the surface, it prevents deformation and cracking. Acrylic material is used in repair and decoration works of various types. Moreover, sometimes it is also a finishing finish simultaneously with the functions of the leveling layer. The substance has a pasty structure, so that control over the thickness of the coating is possible.High strength, along with wood, contributes to the use in high loads. There are also options for acrylic putty with a wood texture for woodwork.
The material has 5 important advantages. It is homogeneous and absolutely eco-friendly. Acrylic coating easily tolerates numerous cycles of freezing / freezing, which in central Russia can happen up to ten per year. In addition, the acrylic layer protects against cold and allows steam to pass through.
Latex
A plastic, tenacious substance that does not shrink. They lay it even in thin layers. Prior to surface treatment, putty is kept at room temperature. The mixture is diluted in a similar manner, as is the case with cement mortar. Gradually add water and work with a mixer until the composition becomes homogeneous. The surface layer of material that has not yet been dried is leveled with a moistened sponge. On a dry coating, you can work with sandpaper, but very carefully. Latex putty after application "gives" a thick shell that does not crack and does not crumble. 0.5 m² to 2 kg of putty is consumed per 1 m². The start and finish layers have a thickness of 0.5 to 3 mm. The drying time of each of the layers is approximately 12 minutes. Deep cracks are closed with several layers, after which they wipe the surface with medium-sized sandpaper.
Polymer
The option is considered average, in the sense that it has fewer restrictions for use. Macromolecular compounds of monomer units of organic or synthetic origin give properties to the material. In polymer mixtures, resistance to moisture, steam, and the influence of temperature contrasts is noted. Putty dries quickly, and the coating is plastic and durable. In addition to the main living rooms, it is used in bathrooms, toilets, kitchens, for decorating the facade and exterior. Buyers get smooth, almost specularly even coatings.The high cost of polymer plaster forces us to look for alternatives. Improving the technology and characteristics of mixtures gives the market options with the same quality, but less material consumption. In addition, this type of putty can be used without residue.
We select spatulas for puttying walls and aligning corners
We select a spatula with an even rectilinear shape of the canvas, and it is desirable that it be long. Any other proportions will badly affect the quality of the application, so you will have to make a lot of additional movements and correct defects. We also pay attention to its flexibility - it should not give in to light effort. We also look at the wave (bending) of the canvas: a slight curvature is normal, but the defect will be visible to the naked eye. Even expensive spatulas have excessive curvature. Stainless steel is considered the best material for the canvas.
We pay attention to the handle of the spatula. A good pen has the following parameters:
For work with corners it is necessary to get an angular putty knife. It is made in the form of 2 square / rectangular planes connected at right angles. We buy 2 models at once: for internal and external corners.
Calculation of the required amount of mixture
The wall parameters should be measured: height, width. We also measure the size of the openings. We enter these data into a special calculator, as well as the approximate thickness of the general putty layer - we get the result in kilograms. Sometimes you can get information on different manufacturers, in bags.
The calculation of the starting putty is made taking into account the curvature of the walls, so we measure deviations by level. Walls without defects can be covered with a consumption of 1.2 kg / m². It will grow 2-3 times if the bumps are visible visually. If the curvature is very large, then the initial indicator of 1.2 kg / m² can increase 5-8 times.
Finishing putty is applied with a thinner layer.They focus on the consumption of 0.5-1 kg / m² and a layer thickness of 0.5 mm - these are average figures.
Universal putty is something average in size fractions. For the upper layer of the universal mixture, the consumption will be 0.9–1 kg / m².
How to prepare the walls
The ideal base for putty has sufficient strength and does not exfoliate. The wall gets rid of the old coating: plaster, wallpaper, old putty under them. Dirt and corrosion deposits are also removed. Also do not leave a loose structure.
A frozen or damp wall cannot be putty. Sometimes they wait several days until the surfaces get the right condition. Then they prepare tools and means directly for applying putty.
If necessary, the walls are treated with a degreasing agent. It is definitely worth using antifungal protection, because then it will be very difficult to fight the fungus. The cleaned wall is checked by the building level for deviations vertically and horizontally. A very large drop is putty together with a reinforcing mesh. Noticeable grooves and irregularities hide several times. For one approach, putty of different thicknesses is putty depending on the material and the purpose of the layer (starting, finishing).
The technology of applying putty on various surfaces for different finishes
The agent is applied differently depending on:
Often work with drywall. Processing can cause problems due to seams and fasteners. They are covered separately, and then together with the rest of the surface. Seams are treated twice during the first application of the putty mixture. Putty for painting should be dense and even. Staining is used in the case of fiberglass. It will be difficult to do without puttying, because the relief of the canvas 2, 3 and even 4 four layers of paint can not hide.Under the wallpaper, the walls are puttied to a perfectly even coating. Theoretically, you can do with one layer of universal material, but the main thing is that the surface is perfect. To work with corners, spatulas of the appropriate form and sloping corners are used. The internal ones are processed with the help of a serpentine and a variety of angular spatula - its handle is attached to perpendicular planes on the other hand.
Drywall puttying rules
Sheets of this material are usually attached to a metal frame - with self-tapping screws. All fasteners are hidden, but first they are carried out with a spatula to check how recessed they are in the sheets. If the tool fails somewhere, then the fasteners must be tightened with a screwdriver. The drywall surface does not hurt to be treated with a primer. After the primer solution has dried, each fastener individually is putty. Places should be remembered so that after filling the entire wall, sand them carefully, and in a separate order - the next step is to apply the mixture to the entire surface of the drywall.
Suture processing has its own rules. Start by applying 1 layer throughout the seam. Serpentine is applied to the fresh mixture and pressed with a spatula. Then the place is covered with a second layer. It is then dried and ground.
Technique of puttying walls for painting
For processing before painting usually use polymer, cement or gypsum putty. The best option is polymer. The wall is covered in 2 layers. The second, finish make it as uniform, dense and durable as possible. When working, use a wide and narrow spatula. The tool is held at an angle of 20 to 30 degrees. First, the starting coating is leveled with an adhesive jointer. The finish layer is sanded with an emery cloth or jointer with a mesh parameter of P80 or P120.
All subsequent layers are laid only when the previous one dries. When drying the coating, it is impossible to allow exposure to hot flows from heating devices, a fan heater or a hairdryer.The surface also protects from direct sunlight. Putty for painting jobs should not be bred in large portions. In addition, training on the test surface does not hurt.
Puttying the walls for wallpapering
In the case of a flat wall, the mixture is applied first in the corners, and then distributed throughout the wall. This is done twice, after which the coating is primed. Starting putty removes all cracks, microholes and shells on the wall, hides the bulges. Its thickness is selected within 3-5 mm. The finish makes the coating smooth. Mixtures with the smallest fraction size are used, because the roughness under the wallpaper looks very bad. The thickness of the upper layer of the putty for wallpaper ideally is 1.5-2 mm.
For work, you need a grater to smooth the surface. And it is better that it has several coating options: from abrasive mesh to genuine leather or sandpaper. To apply the first layer of putty, you can use a roller and at the same time - help yourself with a spatula. For priming, a medium-width brush should be used.
Features of applying putty on internal and external corners
As for the external corners, first a slant corner is cut along the length of the corner. Then it is applied to the outer face on the wall and see if there is deformation of the coating, and if so, how pronounced it is. With a relatively flat surface in the corners, this manipulation is carried out already at the finishing putty. Putty is applied on uneven edges with light throws with an increase in the amount of material in the places of deformation. Subsequently, the tool is applied and pressed into the putty, the evenness is checked by the building level. The corner is smeared with putty. At the end, the outer face is treated with sandpaper.
Internal process differently. Use a serpentine 50 mm wide: put as evenly as possible, without the slightest distortion. Then put the starting layer of putty. When it dries, the evenness of the coating is checked by level.Then apply the finish layer.
Fiberglass puttying
First apply a primer and wait from 1 to 6 hours until it dries. 2-3 layers of putty are then applied along each joint of the canvas, releasing not more than 1 mm of material on each. The last layer is formed from the finishing plaster. The surface is then checked for cracks, crevices and protrusions. Eliminate the least flaws. Use fine-grained sandpaper, and ideally, a silicon mesh for stripping. Then paint is already applied to the fiberglass coated with putty. Therefore, the second time using a primer. A fiberglass is checked for readiness by a flashlight: the light will show the shortcomings that remain. Puttying helps to save paint consumption, because fiberglass absorbs it very actively. It is theoretically possible to do without puttying, but even under several layers of paint the texture of the canvas will shine through, and it will take a lot of time for 4-5 layers. Fiberglass pores are painted poorly.
Sanding the walls after puttying
After finishing putty, the surface is leveled with sandpaper, sponge or grater. Sandpaper is chosen based on how smooth the coating should be, and how embossed it is now. For sanding perfectly flat surfaces use the smallest sandpaper. The rest is best treated with skins of different grain sizes. At the same time, you should start with sandpaper with grain 60, and end with option 120. To work on a large area, you should use a machine with sandpaper. At the same time, it is better to use it manually in corners, shallow recesses and grooves. To control the situation, the walls are lit: you need to move from large to small flaws. When grinding, they work first in the corners, and then move to the center.
Alternative wet sanding is also used.Using a special sponge with a handle, the wall is slowly leveled and waiting for complete drying to repeat the procedure. The result will be high-quality, but it will take a lot of time.
Expert advice: how to choose the right putty
In living rooms, offices, offices and other rooms with a normal level of humidity, budget gypsum putty is suitable. The bathroom is filled with cement mixtures, a little less often - acrylic. For the decoration of the facade, the most wear-resistant mixtures are selected.
Before painting, the walls are finished with polymer or gypsum putty. Drywall is treated with materials for dry rooms.
Sometimes both types of putty, starting and finishing, can be replaced by a universal one, combining their characteristics in terms of the size of inclusions and the characteristics of the binder. There are specialized mixtures for individual places. For example, only for joints, large cracks, etc.
The most popular options are polymer and gypsum plaster. Consumers like them for their ease of use and compatibility with almost all types of roughing.
Conclusion
Renovations in old or new newly acquired housing usually begin with walls. In empty apartments of new buildings, owners deal with both pre-finished coatings and bare walls. If their choice has settled on a relatively simple version of the cladding without embossed wallpaper, panels and other things, then most likely it will require puttying. Mixtures for leveling walls are basic, finishing, universal and specialized. There is material for the facade with increased resistance to physical factors. In a normal-sized apartment, you can putty yourself. In a month - one and a half it will be possible to process all the walls. At the same time, you will need a building level, grinding devices, spatulas and mixers. The most popular are gypsum, acrylic and polymer putties.Instead of store options, you can independently prepare a gypsum-chalk or oil mixture.