Ergonomic science studies how to equip everyday life, including a person’s workplace, in accordance with his physical, mental characteristics. Ergonomics in interior design is aimed at creating furniture and everything that is available at home or at work, as convenient as possible, for productive activities and leisure. Her motto is comfort, safety, ease of movement.
Ergonomics is an engineering, design science that explores what people are capable of under the existing conditions at work, at home, taking into account the use of various means of technical equipment.This is a relationship between a person and his environment. In the research process, the results of studying the psychophysical state of people are used: social relations within a group, collective, working ability, satisfaction with one's work, general fatigue. At the same time, hygienic measures are being developed to reduce “harmfulness” at work, to reduce the number of occupational diseases, and to increase labor productivity. Since science takes into account not only anatomy, but also human psychology, the aesthetic arrangement of the environment is of no small importance. Therefore, ergonomic scientists are increasingly trying to interact with designers involved in planning, interior design of industrial premises, office buildings, residential buildings.
Ergonomics in interior design
The way a person transforms his housing speaks a lot about him. The presence or absence of certain things in the house, their purpose, stylistic performance, appearance, he chooses. Ergonomics is not only aesthetics, but also practicality, maximum comfort.
Many apartments, especially those built in Soviet times, were built on the principle of “better than nothing” - these are premises that were built for temporary residence, but have been fully operational for more than a dozen years. In modern time, a person needs to place much more things, objects, providing a comfortable existence in a living room, than then.
With self-repair without drawing up a project, with the obligatory indication of the necessary nuances, it is difficult to correctly calculate where, what will stand, lie, hang. As a result, the refrigerator will not fit in the kitchen, becoming a permanent resident of the hallway, the washing machine will have to be placed almost in the bedroom, not to mention the places for storing various tools and equipment.
The ergonomic device of human life strives to comply with certain principles:
all items are in place - those that are convenient for a particular person, family;
freedom of movement - the ability to freely walk from room to room without encountering interior items;
the house does not need to have much unnecessary - the cluttered apartment looks overly cramped;
It is advisable to purchase functional furniture - folding, sliding, with numerous places for storage;
proper zoning of the room will allow you to maintain maximum ergonomics;
the illumination of different rooms, zones, must correspond to the functions of the premises, the activities carried out in it, to maintain physical and mental health.
Furniture arrangement indoors
For the proper placement of furniture in the interior space, there are some rules:
passages between pieces of furniture leave 70-100 cm;
in a small room put the minimum amount of furniture, placing most of it along the walls;
kitchen equipment for cramped rooms is built into the suite;
transforming furniture often combines two or four different interior items that individually would occupy a whole room;
Large volumetric furniture will suit spacious rooms, excessively cluttering up small ones.
Hallway
The more people live in the apartment, the wider the hallway becomes. One or two tenants is enough 90 cm, for the safe movement of a family of three requires at least 100-110 cm. If you plan to put a wardrobe here, then take into account its depth. For compact placement of shoes, vertical stationary shelves are purchased - at the same time up to twenty pairs will be placed on this. Hanging wall organizers for storing keys, combs, cosmetics made from textiles will replace volume shelves.
Bathroom and toilet
A combined bathroom will save two or three square meters of the apartment, but it will not be very convenient if a large family lives in it.When the family has small children, elderly people, people with disabilities, the bath itself is equipped with handrails, two or three steps, if the place allows. It is even safer to install a shower cabin - its tray is low, there is no risk of drowning. In front of the toilet in a separate bathroom leave enough space for opening and closing doors, in extreme cases, it is made suspended, placed sideways. In the combined bathroom, the distance between the objects is at least 50 cm.
Kitchen and dining room
The kitchens of many old apartments were designed when this space was considered exclusively a place for cooking, placing a refrigerator, a gas stove, a tiny work surface. The variety of modern technology in such a kitchenette is problematic to place, so it is chosen small-sized, built-in. The headset is bought a bit narrower than standard models, which makes it relatively easy to move around the kitchen. Lockers, hanging shelves are placed wherever possible - up to the ceiling, the windowsill will easily become an additional desktop. Places for storing utensils and other kitchen utensils are located in special sections under a compact corner sofa. When the kitchen has an insulated balcony, a loggia, the partition is also partially removed. The dining area is located on the loggia, the table top becomes a kind of bar counter in the place where the window sill was.
The bar counter marks the middle of the kitchen-living room, if it is decided to combine them, demolishing partially, completely partitions. There is a bit more space - the dining area is located in the part where there was a living room or in the middle.
The distance between the items of kitchen furniture should be at least 70 cm, for safe movement. Dishes, utensils, daily use items are at hand.
Living room
A modern living room is not only a place to relax with the whole family, with friends, but also a very multi-functional space.Often there are several berths, a study, a place for eating, a pair of cabinets.
It is not necessary to clutter up the center of the room - a small rack encloses the place of sleep, the working angle, but movement in the living room should be free. A distance of at least 70 cm is maintained between objects. At least 50% of the space in this room is left free of furniture. If the room is cramped, instead of voluminous chairs, they put one folding compact sofa.
The television is the visual center of the room, preferably viewed from a distance of three to four of its diagonals. Regarding this center, the furniture is placed symmetrically. If it is not possible to maintain full symmetry, it will be partial, the main thing is that all parts of the room are in harmony, are combined with each other. In the room, it is desirable to determine the "perspective" - to indicate the foreground, background.
When in the living room, after placing the necessary, there are still two or three square meters left, there is a dining area. It consists of a table measuring 60 by 120 cm, three or four chairs, or a folding bar counter with a pair of high chairs.
Armchairs, chairs, a sofa do not put a "back" to the entrance - this causes discomfort for those who sit there.
Bedroom
The bedroom is a place for relaxation, which is also characterized by ergonomics. They walk less here than in other rooms, but extra things are also not needed. A bed, usually located in the center of one of the walls, one or two bedside tables, a linen closet or a chest of drawers. Often there is a wardrobe area, enclosed by a wardrobe or a sliding screen - it should not interfere with movement around the room. For cramped spaces, they get a compact, high corner cabinet with LED lighting. Sometimes a kind of “office” is placed in the bedroom - a desk, a computer desk, with shelves, drawers, for storing office supplies of gadgets, accessories.This zone is located at the maximum distance from the berth.
Children
The basic principle of arranging a nursery is safety. There should not be sharp corners, about which the child is able to hit, slippery floor, uncomfortable lying rugs, which you can catch on, fall. When placing two or more children in one room, each is allocated at least a minimum personal space. If the nursery is modest in size, then a bunk bed is placed in it, on which, depending on the model, one to four children can sleep. The furniture of this room should occupy no more than 30% of the space so that the child can develop normally physically, running, playing. A compact sports corner is placed near one of the walls - a Swedish wall with a horizontal bar, hanging rings, a rope. For cramped rooms, the design is preferable collapsible, a removable swing is hung on the crossbar fixed in the doorway - it acts as a horizontal bar for pulling up.
Many companies offer furniture that "grows with the child" - adjustable in height and length.
Office or workplace
In the office, nothing should distract from productive work. Not everyone can afford a separate room for these purposes, but when a person does most of the work or all the work remotely, from home, then the most isolated space is necessary. A desk, a chair is chosen at a convenient height, preferably it is well lit by daylight from the street or artificial. It is preferable that the light fall on the front or on the left, but when working at the computer it does not give glare on the monitor. Top, local lighting is also needed.
Comfort Space Tips
How to independently create an ergonomic interior:
the basis of the apartment space is walls, floor, ceiling - they are made out in a style that is uniform for the whole apartment, slightly differing in its different rooms;
each room is equipped depending on its purpose - in the bedroom they sleep, in the living room they receive guests, in the office they work. The color scheme should also correspond to the type of premises - soothing tones are preferred in the bedroom, while the kitchen is conducive to appetite, digestion, the study is focused on tasks, etc.
you don’t need to keep anything superfluous at home - clothes that have been hanging in the closet for years without putting them on, are handed over to the commission room, handed out to the poor, a bunch of dusty souvenirs - “redistributed”, put on the mezzanine, leaving only the most beloved in sight. Rarely used tools, household utensils are cleaned in the garage, basement, pantry;
properly organize storage facilities for everyday items - children’s toys are placed in plastic containers with lids, after which they are stacked on top of each other. With a lack of space in the cabinets, various accessories, small items of clothing, underwear are put in the same boxes;
the furniture should not be excessive so that in each room it occupies no more than half of the total area, and between the objects there are no problems with movements;
the use of “smart” furniture significantly saves space - a wardrobe, a sofa, a bunk bed, a folding double bed, a table bed, an attic bed, modular kitchen sets. There are also many models with built-in chargers for gadgets, doors that open-close with the remote control, etc .;
compliance with cleanliness and order is the most important component of an ergonomic home. Clothes are hung in cabinets or put into a basket, for subsequent washing, stationery and jewelry are placed in special organizers, empty plastic, glass, paper containers are thrown into the garbage can or taken to special points.
Conclusion
To make the housing as ergonomic as possible, sometimes it’s enough to simply remove the excess decor items and replace the old heavy furniture with a compact modern one. Everything in the apartment is carefully selected for its purpose, shape, color - the only way to create a harmonious interior. When the question of the proper arrangement of the premises cannot be solved independently, you should contact a professional designer or use special 3D designers working online on many sites dedicated to repair.
Ergonomic science studies how to equip everyday life, including a person’s workplace, in accordance with his physical, mental characteristics. Ergonomics in interior design is aimed at creating furniture and everything that is available at home or at work, as convenient as possible, for productive activities and leisure. Her motto is comfort, safety, ease of movement.
Content
Ergonomics concept
Ergonomics is an engineering, design science that explores what people are capable of under the existing conditions at work, at home, taking into account the use of various means of technical equipment.This is a relationship between a person and his environment. In the research process, the results of studying the psychophysical state of people are used: social relations within a group, collective, working ability, satisfaction with one's work, general fatigue. At the same time, hygienic measures are being developed to reduce “harmfulness” at work, to reduce the number of occupational diseases, and to increase labor productivity. Since science takes into account not only anatomy, but also human psychology, the aesthetic arrangement of the environment is of no small importance. Therefore, ergonomic scientists are increasingly trying to interact with designers involved in planning, interior design of industrial premises, office buildings, residential buildings.
Ergonomics in interior design
The way a person transforms his housing speaks a lot about him. The presence or absence of certain things in the house, their purpose, stylistic performance, appearance, he chooses. Ergonomics is not only aesthetics, but also practicality, maximum comfort.
Many apartments, especially those built in Soviet times, were built on the principle of “better than nothing” - these are premises that were built for temporary residence, but have been fully operational for more than a dozen years. In modern time, a person needs to place much more things, objects, providing a comfortable existence in a living room, than then.
With self-repair without drawing up a project, with the obligatory indication of the necessary nuances, it is difficult to correctly calculate where, what will stand, lie, hang. As a result, the refrigerator will not fit in the kitchen, becoming a permanent resident of the hallway, the washing machine will have to be placed almost in the bedroom, not to mention the places for storing various tools and equipment.
The ergonomic device of human life strives to comply with certain principles:
Furniture arrangement indoors
For the proper placement of furniture in the interior space, there are some rules:
Hallway
The more people live in the apartment, the wider the hallway becomes. One or two tenants is enough 90 cm, for the safe movement of a family of three requires at least 100-110 cm. If you plan to put a wardrobe here, then take into account its depth. For compact placement of shoes, vertical stationary shelves are purchased - at the same time up to twenty pairs will be placed on this. Hanging wall organizers for storing keys, combs, cosmetics made from textiles will replace volume shelves.
Bathroom and toilet
A combined bathroom will save two or three square meters of the apartment, but it will not be very convenient if a large family lives in it.When the family has small children, elderly people, people with disabilities, the bath itself is equipped with handrails, two or three steps, if the place allows. It is even safer to install a shower cabin - its tray is low, there is no risk of drowning. In front of the toilet in a separate bathroom leave enough space for opening and closing doors, in extreme cases, it is made suspended, placed sideways. In the combined bathroom, the distance between the objects is at least 50 cm.
Kitchen and dining room
The kitchens of many old apartments were designed when this space was considered exclusively a place for cooking, placing a refrigerator, a gas stove, a tiny work surface. The variety of modern technology in such a kitchenette is problematic to place, so it is chosen small-sized, built-in. The headset is bought a bit narrower than standard models, which makes it relatively easy to move around the kitchen. Lockers, hanging shelves are placed wherever possible - up to the ceiling, the windowsill will easily become an additional desktop. Places for storing utensils and other kitchen utensils are located in special sections under a compact corner sofa. When the kitchen has an insulated balcony, a loggia, the partition is also partially removed. The dining area is located on the loggia, the table top becomes a kind of bar counter in the place where the window sill was.
The bar counter marks the middle of the kitchen-living room, if it is decided to combine them, demolishing partially, completely partitions. There is a bit more space - the dining area is located in the part where there was a living room or in the middle.
Living room
A modern living room is not only a place to relax with the whole family, with friends, but also a very multi-functional space.Often there are several berths, a study, a place for eating, a pair of cabinets.
It is not necessary to clutter up the center of the room - a small rack encloses the place of sleep, the working angle, but movement in the living room should be free. A distance of at least 70 cm is maintained between objects. At least 50% of the space in this room is left free of furniture. If the room is cramped, instead of voluminous chairs, they put one folding compact sofa.
The television is the visual center of the room, preferably viewed from a distance of three to four of its diagonals. Regarding this center, the furniture is placed symmetrically. If it is not possible to maintain full symmetry, it will be partial, the main thing is that all parts of the room are in harmony, are combined with each other. In the room, it is desirable to determine the "perspective" - to indicate the foreground, background.
When in the living room, after placing the necessary, there are still two or three square meters left, there is a dining area. It consists of a table measuring 60 by 120 cm, three or four chairs, or a folding bar counter with a pair of high chairs.
Bedroom
The bedroom is a place for relaxation, which is also characterized by ergonomics. They walk less here than in other rooms, but extra things are also not needed. A bed, usually located in the center of one of the walls, one or two bedside tables, a linen closet or a chest of drawers. Often there is a wardrobe area, enclosed by a wardrobe or a sliding screen - it should not interfere with movement around the room. For cramped spaces, they get a compact, high corner cabinet with LED lighting. Sometimes a kind of “office” is placed in the bedroom - a desk, a computer desk, with shelves, drawers, for storing office supplies of gadgets, accessories.This zone is located at the maximum distance from the berth.
Children
The basic principle of arranging a nursery is safety. There should not be sharp corners, about which the child is able to hit, slippery floor, uncomfortable lying rugs, which you can catch on, fall. When placing two or more children in one room, each is allocated at least a minimum personal space. If the nursery is modest in size, then a bunk bed is placed in it, on which, depending on the model, one to four children can sleep. The furniture of this room should occupy no more than 30% of the space so that the child can develop normally physically, running, playing. A compact sports corner is placed near one of the walls - a Swedish wall with a horizontal bar, hanging rings, a rope. For cramped rooms, the design is preferable collapsible, a removable swing is hung on the crossbar fixed in the doorway - it acts as a horizontal bar for pulling up.
Office or workplace
In the office, nothing should distract from productive work. Not everyone can afford a separate room for these purposes, but when a person does most of the work or all the work remotely, from home, then the most isolated space is necessary. A desk, a chair is chosen at a convenient height, preferably it is well lit by daylight from the street or artificial. It is preferable that the light fall on the front or on the left, but when working at the computer it does not give glare on the monitor. Top, local lighting is also needed.
Comfort Space Tips
How to independently create an ergonomic interior:
Conclusion
To make the housing as ergonomic as possible, sometimes it’s enough to simply remove the excess decor items and replace the old heavy furniture with a compact modern one. Everything in the apartment is carefully selected for its purpose, shape, color - the only way to create a harmonious interior. When the question of the proper arrangement of the premises cannot be solved independently, you should contact a professional designer or use special 3D designers working online on many sites dedicated to repair.