For several centuries, the Golden Ratio has been considered a symbol of harmony, ideal proportions in the natural environment and in many areas of human life - the exact sciences, music, the visual arts, and architecture. It is taken into account in design - it is assumed that the closer to the ideal proportions of the object, the location of objects relative to each other, the better this interior is perceived by the human brain, the more comfortable it is. About the golden ratio in interior and landscape design, examples of its use, in detail in the text of this article.
The Golden Ratio is the so-called “divine proportion” seen in most natural objects: mollusk shells, tree leaves, bee honeycombs, flower structure, spider webs, human body, DNA molecules, bird eggs. It is also observed in the geometry of the Egyptian pyramids, many ancient sculptures, paintings of famous artists.
The very essence of the "golden proportion" is the division of the whole into two unequal parts. The ratio of the smaller to the larger, and the larger to the whole, looks like 0.618 to 1.0. Monk Luke Pacioli explained this as a “divine trinity”: the smaller part of the whole is the Son of God, the larger part is God the Father, and the whole is the Holy Spirit. Who first started using it is not known for certain, but described Leonardo da Vinci as accurately as possible. There is an assumption that good artists, musicians, architects, other people of art use the golden ratio intuitively - because it turns out more beautiful.
A special case of "divine proportion" is the rule of thirds. It is caused by a person’s visual perception - when looking at a picture, the eye “clings” primarily to the main four points located at the intersection of vertical and horizontal lines, provided that the picture is divided into nine identical fragments. It is within these points that the main accents of the picture, its plot center, are placed.
Golden ratio spiral
The so-called Fibonacci series or Fibonacci spiral also refers to “divine proportions”. The medieval mathematician composed a sequence of numbers of the following form: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610, 987, 1597, 2584, 4181, 6765, 10946 and others, where the sum of every two numbers that follow each other, starting from the second, is equal to the third. A striking example of a Fibonacci sequence is the phalanx of a person’s fingers, the ratio of the first to second and third.Fibonacci spirals are visible when viewed from above on a flower of a sunflower, pineapple, cones. Shells of most mollusks, mountain goat horns also correspond to them.
Use of golden proportions in the interior of your home, apartment
When looking at a beautifully appointed home interior, the first thing that catches your eye is a slight asymmetry, a subtle mess. The room, decorated in accordance with the golden proportions, gives a feeling of calm, tranquility. In a room ideally shaped, the ratio of width to length will be 5 to 8, or 1 to 1.62.
At the beginning of the 20th century, to plan acceptable human living spaces, the architect Le Corbusier came up with a system of anthropometric proportions called the “modulator”. She is a stylized figure of a man with a raised hand. Growth, proportions are ideal, averaged, they were originally used in the construction of the first apartment buildings.
When planning the space
At the calculation stage, a layout is drawn, which is divided into parts according to the principle of the "golden" spiral. Zoning of the space, especially large, is made in strict accordance with the intersection points of the main lines - here furniture, screens, screens or partitions are placed in the studio apartment. The main emphasis that I want to pay attention to is also placed at these points.
When there are a lot of rooms in the house, they can also be perfectly planned: then the largest room will relate to the area of the entire apartment as 0.62 to 1, the smaller one will also relate to the larger area, the kitchen to the smaller room, the entrance to the kitchen, the bathroom to the entrance , balcony - to the bathroom.
If you use your height as a module in building a house, then the space is easy to “fit” for yourself.
Golden ratio in size ratio
It is advisable that the sofa does not occupy more than two-thirds of the wall near which it stands, and a coffee table - a maximum of two-thirds of the size of the sofa.The height of the bedside tables, with the lamps located on them, is selected by the height of 2/3 of the wall.
Large dark objects are placed below, small, lighter objects are placed higher to create a peculiar sense of peace. Any long segments, directed from top to bottom, create a crushing impression, ascending ones - on the contrary. Pictures of different sizes should be carefully selected in relation to each other, hung at the appropriate height.
Most of the composition rectangle should be the most saturated, illuminated.
Golden ratio in colors
The room looks very harmonious, where 62-65% of the entire space is devoted to the primary color, the remaining 35-38% to the secondary color, up to 5% to various color accents. Pasting the walls with wallpapers of different colors, but with a similar texture, is carried out according to the same principle.
The background color includes up to three shades, and up to 10% of the space is allocated for accents in some cases.
Golden ratio when choosing heights
The height of the bedside tables, with lamps located on them, is selected in the amount of 2/3 of the wall. If you choose wall cladding with plastic, wood panels, ceramic tiles, then it will also take two-thirds of the height - the rest will go for painting, wallpapering. About one third of the height of the cabinets will be occupied by sofas with backs, kitchen countertops, and low "eastern" tables - a third of their height.
The lower points of any ceiling lights do not lower lower than five-eighths of the height of the room. If this proportion cannot be observed, then the location of the fixtures is “tied” to other interior items. Standing next to each other the same type of decor elements should also correlate with each other as 1 to 1.62.
Golden ratio in furniture, decor
When arranging the furniture, it should be borne in mind that it occupies no more than 65% of the room’s area - otherwise the room will look cramped.The ideal amount, dimensions of furniture are calculated based on the sizes of its largest items - a cabinet, sofa, large table, kitchen unit. For example, a cabinet-wall will occupy two-thirds of the entire room, then the sofa bed will come out 2/3 of the size of the cabinet. In the same way, the table will relate to the sofa, armchairs to the table, chairs to armchairs, etc. Large elements of decor are duplicated in different places of the space with the same smaller ones, but in proportion.
Some firms produce whole sets of furniture that are related to each other in height and size.
Golden ratio in landscape design - how to use
The application of the methods of "divine proportions" in the design of personal plots, city parks is also justified. The favorite ratio of most designers is 8-5-3, so the common space usually refers to the area of lawns and garden paths. A symmetric solution will also be successful, where the central and smaller parts are equal, and each of the side parts is half the larger. A vivid example of this is a star inscribed in a regular pentagon, in which the ratio of the diagonal and the side corresponds to “gold” in proportions.
There are some other options:
linear, aerial perspective - this is a visual change in size, clarity in the case of increasing distance. It seems that parallel lines converge into one - thus, gradually narrowing the path, create the impression of more space than it is;
co-ordination, unity of forms - emphasis, the ratio of the height of plants, garden sculptures, farm buildings;
the balance of compositional decisions - a significant center stands out, and in relation to it all other objects are placed, trying not to overload one or another sector of the garden.
When planning the landscape, you should think over the main “plot” line, the stylistic direction of the design, the ratio of not only all sizes, but also color “spots”.
Where else is the golden ratio used
The golden ratio of human proportions is most accurately depicted in Vitruvian Man. They are also used in the graphic design of the modern world. In the Apple logo, a “cropped” spiral, circles of Fibonacci numbers are guessed, and the design of the Toyota badge is composed of ovals neatly inscribed in a rectangle, also in accordance with the golden ratio, which is also guessed in the logos:
BP
iCloud
Twitter
Pepsi,
Grupo Boticario.
For the proper design of sites, web pages, the principles of the spiral are also applied - the most important content is placed in its center, usually located in the upper left or right side. Clarity, intuitiveness, emphasis in certain places - the main credo of this design. The best shape of rectangular pictures is the ratio of their sides, tending to a ratio of 1 to 1.62. The use of ideal proportions in the text divides it into two unequal parts, each of which has its own main idea, plot. The calming “miraculous” effect of folk conspiracies and prayers is based on approximately the same principle.
In the "newspaper" design, modular grids are created in accordance with the "golden" proportions. Compliance with the rules of the golden ratio in clothes, choosing shoes, hairstyles will also benefit the general appearance of a person. In music, one of the techniques of an ideal, rapidly developing ratio is called "crescendo."
Conclusion
"Divine proportions" surround a person everywhere, pleasing to the eye, creating comfort in everyday life. Its principles are used by professional interior designers in arranging objects, modeling the shape of premises, and planning the landscape design of a land plot. If desired, the "golden" proportions for your own home, apartment, garden can be easily calculated independently, using online designers, calculators present in the interface of some design sites.
For several centuries, the Golden Ratio has been considered a symbol of harmony, ideal proportions in the natural environment and in many areas of human life - the exact sciences, music, the visual arts, and architecture. It is taken into account in design - it is assumed that the closer to the ideal proportions of the object, the location of objects relative to each other, the better this interior is perceived by the human brain, the more comfortable it is. About the golden ratio in interior and landscape design, examples of its use, in detail in the text of this article.
Content
What is the Golden Ratio, how did it come about?
The Golden Ratio is the so-called “divine proportion” seen in most natural objects: mollusk shells, tree leaves, bee honeycombs, flower structure, spider webs, human body, DNA molecules, bird eggs. It is also observed in the geometry of the Egyptian pyramids, many ancient sculptures, paintings of famous artists.
The very essence of the "golden proportion" is the division of the whole into two unequal parts. The ratio of the smaller to the larger, and the larger to the whole, looks like 0.618 to 1.0. Monk Luke Pacioli explained this as a “divine trinity”: the smaller part of the whole is the Son of God, the larger part is God the Father, and the whole is the Holy Spirit. Who first started using it is not known for certain, but described Leonardo da Vinci as accurately as possible. There is an assumption that good artists, musicians, architects, other people of art use the golden ratio intuitively - because it turns out more beautiful.
A special case of "divine proportion" is the rule of thirds. It is caused by a person’s visual perception - when looking at a picture, the eye “clings” primarily to the main four points located at the intersection of vertical and horizontal lines, provided that the picture is divided into nine identical fragments. It is within these points that the main accents of the picture, its plot center, are placed.
Golden ratio spiral
The so-called Fibonacci series or Fibonacci spiral also refers to “divine proportions”. The medieval mathematician composed a sequence of numbers of the following form: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610, 987, 1597, 2584, 4181, 6765, 10946 and others, where the sum of every two numbers that follow each other, starting from the second, is equal to the third. A striking example of a Fibonacci sequence is the phalanx of a person’s fingers, the ratio of the first to second and third.Fibonacci spirals are visible when viewed from above on a flower of a sunflower, pineapple, cones. Shells of most mollusks, mountain goat horns also correspond to them.
Use of golden proportions in the interior of your home, apartment
When looking at a beautifully appointed home interior, the first thing that catches your eye is a slight asymmetry, a subtle mess. The room, decorated in accordance with the golden proportions, gives a feeling of calm, tranquility. In a room ideally shaped, the ratio of width to length will be 5 to 8, or 1 to 1.62.
At the beginning of the 20th century, to plan acceptable human living spaces, the architect Le Corbusier came up with a system of anthropometric proportions called the “modulator”. She is a stylized figure of a man with a raised hand. Growth, proportions are ideal, averaged, they were originally used in the construction of the first apartment buildings.
When planning the space
At the calculation stage, a layout is drawn, which is divided into parts according to the principle of the "golden" spiral. Zoning of the space, especially large, is made in strict accordance with the intersection points of the main lines - here furniture, screens, screens or partitions are placed in the studio apartment. The main emphasis that I want to pay attention to is also placed at these points.
When there are a lot of rooms in the house, they can also be perfectly planned: then the largest room will relate to the area of the entire apartment as 0.62 to 1, the smaller one will also relate to the larger area, the kitchen to the smaller room, the entrance to the kitchen, the bathroom to the entrance , balcony - to the bathroom.
Golden ratio in size ratio
It is advisable that the sofa does not occupy more than two-thirds of the wall near which it stands, and a coffee table - a maximum of two-thirds of the size of the sofa.The height of the bedside tables, with the lamps located on them, is selected by the height of 2/3 of the wall.
Large dark objects are placed below, small, lighter objects are placed higher to create a peculiar sense of peace. Any long segments, directed from top to bottom, create a crushing impression, ascending ones - on the contrary. Pictures of different sizes should be carefully selected in relation to each other, hung at the appropriate height.
Golden ratio in colors
The room looks very harmonious, where 62-65% of the entire space is devoted to the primary color, the remaining 35-38% to the secondary color, up to 5% to various color accents. Pasting the walls with wallpapers of different colors, but with a similar texture, is carried out according to the same principle.
Golden ratio when choosing heights
The height of the bedside tables, with lamps located on them, is selected in the amount of 2/3 of the wall. If you choose wall cladding with plastic, wood panels, ceramic tiles, then it will also take two-thirds of the height - the rest will go for painting, wallpapering. About one third of the height of the cabinets will be occupied by sofas with backs, kitchen countertops, and low "eastern" tables - a third of their height.
The lower points of any ceiling lights do not lower lower than five-eighths of the height of the room. If this proportion cannot be observed, then the location of the fixtures is “tied” to other interior items. Standing next to each other the same type of decor elements should also correlate with each other as 1 to 1.62.
Golden ratio in furniture, decor
When arranging the furniture, it should be borne in mind that it occupies no more than 65% of the room’s area - otherwise the room will look cramped.The ideal amount, dimensions of furniture are calculated based on the sizes of its largest items - a cabinet, sofa, large table, kitchen unit. For example, a cabinet-wall will occupy two-thirds of the entire room, then the sofa bed will come out 2/3 of the size of the cabinet. In the same way, the table will relate to the sofa, armchairs to the table, chairs to armchairs, etc. Large elements of decor are duplicated in different places of the space with the same smaller ones, but in proportion.
Golden ratio in landscape design - how to use
The application of the methods of "divine proportions" in the design of personal plots, city parks is also justified. The favorite ratio of most designers is 8-5-3, so the common space usually refers to the area of lawns and garden paths. A symmetric solution will also be successful, where the central and smaller parts are equal, and each of the side parts is half the larger. A vivid example of this is a star inscribed in a regular pentagon, in which the ratio of the diagonal and the side corresponds to “gold” in proportions.
There are some other options:
Where else is the golden ratio used
The golden ratio of human proportions is most accurately depicted in Vitruvian Man. They are also used in the graphic design of the modern world. In the Apple logo, a “cropped” spiral, circles of Fibonacci numbers are guessed, and the design of the Toyota badge is composed of ovals neatly inscribed in a rectangle, also in accordance with the golden ratio, which is also guessed in the logos:
For the proper design of sites, web pages, the principles of the spiral are also applied - the most important content is placed in its center, usually located in the upper left or right side. Clarity, intuitiveness, emphasis in certain places - the main credo of this design. The best shape of rectangular pictures is the ratio of their sides, tending to a ratio of 1 to 1.62.
The use of ideal proportions in the text divides it into two unequal parts, each of which has its own main idea, plot. The calming “miraculous” effect of folk conspiracies and prayers is based on approximately the same principle.
In the "newspaper" design, modular grids are created in accordance with the "golden" proportions. Compliance with the rules of the golden ratio in clothes, choosing shoes, hairstyles will also benefit the general appearance of a person. In music, one of the techniques of an ideal, rapidly developing ratio is called "crescendo."
Conclusion
"Divine proportions" surround a person everywhere, pleasing to the eye, creating comfort in everyday life. Its principles are used by professional interior designers in arranging objects, modeling the shape of premises, and planning the landscape design of a land plot. If desired, the "golden" proportions for your own home, apartment, garden can be easily calculated independently, using online designers, calculators present in the interface of some design sites.