Do-it-yourself landscaping of a personal garden +120 photo ideas
The arrangement of a private home ownership includes the design of the interior of the dwelling, a site around it. The backyard area is brought in proper appearance. Convenient to use, aesthetically attractive near the home space is possible on small pieces of land. The key role is played by the correct approach to creating a project to improve the territory. The first step is to collect information on the issue of interest, prioritization, preliminary planning.
The problems of a successful combination of residential and office space with planted plants in a limited area are dealt with by the fine science of landscape design. The main task of the landscape designer is the effective use of every centimeter of land in terms of functionality, aesthetics, ergonomics. The designer is guided in his work by a wide range of tools, the appearance of plants is important, climatic conditions, soil structure, and features of the relief are important. In some cases, the landform is unsuccessful; it can be modified using design techniques. The fundamental principle of science is the approximation of a given territory to a natural look, which makes it possible for a person to feel unity with the environment, take a break from the gray, angular urban environment. Observing the basic principles of such a design, it will not be difficult for a person who does not have a special education to make his plot cozy and comfortable for all family members.
Where to begin
Before developing a document that determines the further course of work to improve the site — the landscape plan, it is worthwhile to clearly define the intended use of the territory. The needs of the family can be diverse, the circle of the main points from which the landscaping of the personal plot begins to be built has long been outlined:
The territory is used all year round or seasonally;
How many people are constantly on the site, will it be used for crowded events;
Are you planning to garden, planting vegetables?
Is it possible to walk pets, open-air cages for street keeping;
The architectural style of the house is taken into account;
Will an artificial pond be designed.
This is an incomplete list of preliminary issues for approval; there may be dozens of such nuances.
Layout
The next step will be the direct development of project documentation based on previously collected technical data:
Chemical composition of soils;
The degree of illumination of the site, the direction of the winds;
Ground water level;
The degree of slope, this determines where the bulk of the moisture will accumulate;
Features of existing buildings, the style should be the same for all architectural forms;
The need to develop special areas: playground, parking, etc .;
What species diversity of plants it is desirable to plant.
The end result of the effort is a plan with a detailed diagram of structures, communications, paths, green spaces, applied to it.
If there is an opportunity, then it is better to develop a project in the cold season. Many plants require early spring planting, by the end of February - early March, it is better to have a ready-made work plan on hand.
We plan the territory correctly
Having determined the presence of the main functional zones of the infield, the assortment of plants to be planted is worth evaluating the resulting project not only from the practical side, aesthetics play a leading role:
A lot does not mean good. Do not clutter the site with a huge number of variegated flower beds, motley bushes, trees. This does not bring a feeling of comfort; the territory will look groomed;
The style of the entire site should be unified, there should not be a feeling that the garden is broken into incomprehensible scattered rags;
Fill the area evenly. The balance rule should work - all parts of the site are evenly planted;
Keep to the right scale - plants should be proportionate to structures.
Avoid monochromatic design, bright color spots in the design will add life to your site.
Fence
The fences on the garden plot can be divided into two types: internal fences, used more for decoration; external fences - performing protective, delimiting functions. The second type is also called simply a fence. External fences are made of natural material, wood, brick, stone, cast concrete structures. The main requirement for external fences is a sufficient height to prevent unauthorized entry into the site. For suburban areas there is a height limit - no more than two meters. If the part of the fence facing the road can be made of any material, then the fence adjacent to neighboring sections should be transparent so as not to obscure the adjacent territory. The internal fences are characterized by a small height, attractive appearance due to the decorative material. Hedgerows are widely used, they are distinguished from borders by a high height, used to form perennial shrubs, while borders can be planted annually.
Site zoning
The division of the household plot into parts bearing a separate functional purpose is advisable from the point of view of efficient use of the area. Functional areas are the same for most sites. In the front of the site there is a front, entry area, in sight a place is allocated for a recreation area. For the cottages, it is typical to allocate a place under the beds, fruiting trees - a garden zone, they hide the economic zone from prying eyes. The presence of children involves the creation of a play area.
Front zone
The entrance or front zone of the site is located on a small area - about 6% of the entire territory, its functionality is small: to provide a comfortable check-in of transport, entrance to the site. But this is the first thing your guests will see.The most important thing to pay attention to is the arrangement of a convenient approach to the house, a convenient place to park a car. The passage to the apartment building is wide - about two meters. Around the parking lot, you should not plant trees, it can damage the car.
Planning of the front zone is carried out taking into account the slope of the site, the rainwater drainage system is thought out. In the parking lot, the approach to the house should not form puddles.
It makes no sense to decorate the area with a lawn; high traffic will turn it into unattractive shreds of grass. It is better to stop on tile, brick paving, concrete pouring. For decorative elements, there may not be enough space in this zone; they are, if necessary, placed along the line of the external fence. On the outside of the site, in the presence of a strip of full soil, you can plant a hedge, decorate the entrance to the house with the help of flowering annuals. To hide a sharp fence line helps planting decorative grapes, climbing varieties of roses.
Recreation area and barbecue
The recreation area occupies a somewhat large area of about 15% of the entire plot. It is being landscaped taking into account the possibility of cooking in the street, it is possible to equip a summer kitchen, a place for receiving guests. A stationary, mobile barbecue, grill, barbecue is immediately installed. It is possible to lay an outdoor stove out of refractory bricks. If the square allows, all kinds of gazebos, places for relaxation, guests are equipped. For a comfortable time in the recreation area, with its improvement, the following points are taken into account:
The zone is located away from prying eyes, it is advisable to place it behind a residential building. This will ensure a comfortable stay.
For the convenience of servicing the guests, part of the zone should be in close proximity to the apartment building.
It is important that from the recreation area a view of the decorative plantations, ponds, and the territory of the playground are visible.
Garden area
Under the improvement of the garden zone, the largest number of hundreds of acres of land allotted, about 2/3 of the plot. The garden garden should be lit, however, for high-growing trees with a large branchy crown, the northern part is more suitable. It is better to isolate the garden from the recreation area and homeownership by a row of fruit trees, dwarf apple trees and cherries are perfectly able to cope with this role, they bloom and add picturesqueness to the whole garden. For convenience, the garden is divided into several separate beds using paved paths, so it is more convenient to take care of the seedlings. Under modular beds, a drip irrigation system is supplied. You can outline vegetable plantings from a hedge formed from fruiting shrubs: gooseberries, currants.
Economic zone
The economic zone of a country house is located in close proximity to the garden, includes a room for storing household equipment, workshops, utility rooms. If the area allows, a major garage is erected right there. An undoubted advantage will be the presence in the country of a bath or sauna. In this case, the steam room should have direct access paths to the house. If the country house is small, does not have internal amenities, then in the economic zone place a street toilet, outdoor shower. Facilities for economic purposes should not spoil the general aesthetics, therefore, they are hidden in small areas with the help of climbing plants, in a large area it is possible to use more massive internal fences.
Game Zone
The playground does not have to be of impressive size, about 10 square meters will be enough for a comfortable placement of two or three children. meters.A small sandbox, a swing, a simple sports and game equipment can fit into this square with success. The coverage of the area is provided exclusively soft in order to avoid injuries during outdoor games.
Safety rules require that the play area be in the visual control zone on all sides of the infield.
The play area is split in a dry, sunny place. Necessarily equipped shaded areas to hide from the heat.
Track Design
The main functional purpose of the tracks is to facilitate movement between the main zones. In addition, they play a unifying role in the entire landscape composition. The material for the manufacture of garden paths is diverse:
An expensive option is natural stone, laid out on a pre-cast concrete surface. It has high wear resistance, aesthetic appeal;
Synthetic stone tracks are a more affordable option. Such stones are distinguished by a variety of shapes, color schemes;
Brick paths are relatively not expensive, laying them out does not require special skills. Bricks look attractive, but quickly collapse under the influence of the environment;
Pavement tracks are very popular. They are affordable, durable. The choice of colors, shapes of tiles in the market is great. It is not difficult to lay such a track yourself: a layer of sand pours out onto the marked direction of the path, the surface is leveled. Then the tile is laid out in the desired way, the adhesion to the ground is increased by compaction of the tile with a special rubber hammer;
The execution of garden paths is possible from any loose material: gravel, sand, gravel. However, they are short-lived, bulk paths are washed off with water over time.
Plot lighting
Lighting installation work will be one of the first to start, before starting the main design work.This is due to the need to lay trenches, ditches, dig holes throughout the site.
Standard options for arranging a lighting scheme for a household plot can be presented in the form of a table where the lighting points are listed:
Economy
Optimal
Maximum
Entrance to the house, gate, garage door
Economy option + path to the house, recreation area, large landscape elements (alpine hills, ponds)
Optimal + all paths of the site, corners of all structures, entrance doors to office premises
Light sources are fixed on the buildings themselves, specially dug poles, tree trunks at a height of about 2.5 m, then the light will not blind people, it will not interfere with movement around the site. The distance between the lamps depends on the power of the lamps, optimally - about 15 m.
Separately, it is worth identifying the role of marking lamps. They are mounted along paths, hazardous areas, various obstacles almost at ground level. In suburban areas, it is advisable to power such signal light points not from the network, but from the batteries.
Do it yourself home garden
Creating flower beds on the site
Flower beds are broken away from trees, many flowers do not tolerate shading. Avoid places with drafts, especially if you plant heat-loving, moody flowers. The composition will look harmonious if the plants are planted taking into account the size, height of the stem, timing and frequency of flowering. Do not neglect the methods of color: colors should be combined with each other, too bright composition should be diluted with white tint. Spikelet plants and shrubs perfectly complement any flower bed. A beginner gardener does not need to get involved in complicated forms of flower beds. Landscape designers are advised to first get their hands on the classic - a flower bed with a dominant in the center - the largest plant around which a composition of auxiliary flowers is formed.
For amateur gardeners without outside help, the easiest way to plant a monoclomb. On the plot, a plot of any, most intricate form is drawn. It remains to sow it with annual or perennial plants. Such flower beds fit perfectly into any landscape style.
A simple option for a flower bed is a mixborder - flowers, grasses planted in the form of strips. Such flower beds surround larger flower beds, lawns, decorative forms of the site. For planting, you can use a vegetable mix, the main requirement is that small flowers are planted closer to the paths, and large plants are planted at the back edge. Try to match the flowering time of all plants in the mixborder. Mixborders can be either annual or perennial. In the latter case, once every several years they will need to be thinned out, some plants should be separated.
Lawns
Domestic gardeners prefer to sow lawn grass on their own, although there is always the opportunity to purchase a lawn in rolls. Depending on the composition of the seeds, the intended purpose, the lawns are divided into:
Low-growing lawns from one cultivar of grass that can withstand intense stress - sports; Decorative lawns, you can’t walk on them, are planted from elite varieties of herbs, they are distinguished by a bright color - ground floor;
Meadow lawns - consisting of self-propagating annuals, primroses, such lawns have a natural appearance, resemble an ordinary lawn. This also includes the Moorish lawn, it also consists of a set of meadow herbs, but requires periodic mowing - twice a year;
Popular, unpretentious - an ordinary lawn. It consists of grasses adapted to local climatic conditions that are resistant to trampling.
Before planting the lawn, the soil is cleaned of weeds, the site is leveled. If necessary, the fertile soil layer is removed, drainage is poured, the soil returns to its place. For an arid climate, this is not necessary.A sifted mixture of peat, compost, sand and a ten-centimeter-thick layer is laid on top of the main soil. Then the layer is rammed with a special skating rink, left alone for a two-week period, thus the remaining weeds are revealed. When the weed grows, it is removed again, the area under the lawn is finally leveled, tamped again. The day before sowing, the earth is watered, on the day of sowing, they are cultivated by raking, the seeds are sown according to the instructions.
In the first year you need to water the lawn regularly with the help of a spraying system. Be prepared for some heterogeneity of grass cover in the first growing season, remove germinating weeds. In the second year, the lawn will acquire the proper appearance, it will need to be watered 1-2 times a month. Periodically, it will be necessary to carry out loosening of the turf with a studded roller.
Artificial ponds
The artificial reservoirs used for swimming must strictly comply with safety standards, the water in them must be constantly filtered, the pool structure will have to be cleaned periodically. Decorative reservoirs require the creation of such an ecosystem in which the water will not cloud, stagnate, overgrow with undesirable plants.
A good place to place would be an area where only half of the day is sunny. If the pond is in the sun all day, the water in it will evaporate, plants and fish will feel uncomfortable in conditions of elevated temperature.
Fountains
Stationary fountains are a separate element of landscape design. They can be of impressive size, but most often in cramped conditions they stop on small granite, ceramic bowls with intricate decor. Such architectural forms are placed in the center of the garden so that it can be seen from anywhere.
Submersible fountains are installed at the bottom of artificial ponds, then jets break through the water column: vertically, horizontally, with bubbles, a funnel,cascade. The “pinwheel” looks very impressive - the water jets move along a spiral path. To enhance the effect of the fountains complement the musical accompaniment, lighting effects. Fountains with high power jets are mounted away from the garden, residential buildings, so that moisture does not get on the walls.
Waterfall
They begin to build a waterfall from the bottom up, and the first layer should be even. They usually stop at a height of 1.5 m., Too high design height makes it difficult for the water pump to work. It is laid at the bottom of the reservoir, the stronger the stream, the more powerful the equipment for supplying water will be required, it is additionally filtered before being taken from the reservoir. A calm flow of water ensures the use in the construction of stones with a depression in the center, in them water accumulates gradually, slowly flowing down. A turbulent foam stream is created when water flows between smooth cobblestones under high pressure. If the edges of the stones are jagged, water will flow in separate streams. The final decoration of the waterfall is made by laying around decorative stones. In the evening, the waterfall is highlighted with spotlight.
Pond
A pit for a pond is dug up in the penumbra zone, the trees should be located as far as possible, there is a risk of irreversible damage to the roots. After the contours are outlined, start digging. Deepening in the earth is done stepwise, at different levels deep-sea, shallow-water representatives of the flora land. At the bottom of the pit, a channel is excavated for laying electrical networks that ensure the operation of the filter and the submersible fountain. After installing the electrical equipment, they begin to seal with the help of a film cast from acrylic finished forms. The edges of the pond are decorated with stones that hide the edges of the insulating material. After filling the pond with water, proceed to planting plants.If you plan to start the fish, make the pond deep - at least 1 m., The water in winter should not freeze completely. For a successful wintering, the living inhabitants of the pond need space.
Rock gardens as part of a mountain landscape
The main task of the Alpine slide is to recreate the unique mountain landscape of the Alps. This is achieved by creating a landscape form consisting of rocks with the inclusion of vegetation characteristic of alpine landscapes. The hill is built taking into account the southwestern orientation in the center, on the edge of the lawn. Since the composition is complex in structure, a sketch is preliminarily created.
The rock garden is filled with plants growing on the slopes of the alpine mountains. The first to plant shrubs, then grass, complete the image of the plant, growing at the very soil cover. The slide should please with its beauty in the cold season, primroses are combined with coniferous, evergreen shrubs. In the center of the rock garden, stunted trees are often planted with climbing branches. Caring for the rock garden is simple - you rarely need to moisten the soil, occasionally remove dead parts of plants, weeds. Alpine hills love snowy winters, the cover prevents plants from freezing.
Landscaping and its styles
English
English, it is a natural, landscape style suggests a casual naturalness in everything. Ornate paths, meadow grasses, slightly overgrown ponds - everything should look as if they are not subjected to any special care. Of course, this is not true. An exception to the general concept of lawns - neat lawns with benches along the paths are typical of England. This style fits well with our climatic conditions, the sites will look harmonious both in summer and in winter. For decoration in the English style, it becomes almost mandatory to have secluded, shaded corners, ivy-covered arbors, a pond with water lilies, and reeds.It must be remembered that such a style can only be recreated on a relatively large area. On four hundred parts, this will not succeed.
Mediterranean
The Mediterranean style is characterized by the wide use of marble, pebbles, stones in the decor. The nature of the appearance of the style involves the presence of steps, retaining structures, stairs, terraces. Gardens are interspersed with artificially created decorative elements. In a cold climate, the idea of a Mediterranean garden is difficult to implement, except in winter gardens. The Mediterranean style is characterized by an abundance of citruses, palm trees, olives, pistachios. Topiary came to us from this garden - skillfully trimmed shrubs in the form of intricate figures. Furniture in such a garden is light and comfortable, copies of antique statues, amphora, pseudo-ancient vases become the main element of the decor. Such ceramics are often surrounded by ivy. Fountains will not be superfluous, but they should not be too bulky, compact marble bowls will suffice.
French
Everything under the line is the main idea of the French style. Clear lines, exceptionally regular shapes, perfectly flat paths. The whole composition should be centered around a small pond, a fountain - always the correct geometric shape. On a large area of the site, a lawn is planted, fenced with a dense hedge - a bosquet. An interesting element is a maze of densely planted trees, which give a clear shape of a pyramid, ball, cube. The walls of a live puzzle can have hidden niches with benches, as if you were in the gardens of Versailles. Fountains for the French style are characterized by an impeccably regular shape, but necessarily massive with a spectacular ejection of jets of water. The paths are covered with fine gravel, outlined with the help of neat plant borders. In the pattern of flower beds there are no random spots, they are either simple to ugliness, or they are an intricate, but clear pattern.
Oriental
Refined transitions, smoothness, leisureliness in everything, gentle combinations characterize the oriental style. Dwarf trees, undersized shrubs interspersed with small ponds. The landscape is designed to relieve stress, leisurely thoughts about the essence of being. Colors are selected discreet, softening the atmosphere. The key to everything is stones - they should look as if they had lain in one place for thousands of years. Their forms are rounded, covered with moss. They serve as a reminder of the transience of our lives in comparison with eternity. Narrow alleys, curved bridges push for long unhurried walks. Everything in the oriental garden is permeated with philosophy, especially the little things in the form of lanterns, vases. Carps in the garden pond serve as a symbol of prosperity; they can perfectly endure the harsh winter. The standard arbor is replaced by a house for tea ceremonies.
Russian style
Close to us is the Russian style. The design of the plot is rustic, with a fabulous shade. Plantings are based on practicality - all kinds of fruit trees, flower beds, consisting of medicinal herbs. Manors built in the Russian style are characterized by the presence of a bathhouse, a real, at worst, decorative well. Wooden arbors, wicker fences, decorated with antique clay pots, paths from wooden circles are indispensable attributes of style. Children will be pleased with carved fairy-tale characters placed randomly throughout the site. A collection of antique household items will help strengthen the atmosphere. The outer borders of the plot are often planted with white-birch birches. To realize the idea of designing a site in the Russian style, you don’t need much - remember the grandmother’s house in the village, bring warm childhood memories to life by modernizing them somewhat.
Conclusion
The desire for harmony is inherent in each of us. Having become the owner of even a small piece of land, we strive to make it a sweetheart, a place of relaxation, avoiding the daily bustle.Long gone are the days when several hundred in the country served as the main source of food, this place has become a source of restoration of mental strength. It is enough to see the perfect picture in your head, not to be afraid to realize your dream in life. Take it easy, embody insane ideas, don't stop halfway. Perhaps your work will attract something new to the science of landscape design, will become a new trend in the art of making the world beautiful around.
The arrangement of a private home ownership includes the design of the interior of the dwelling, a site around it. The backyard area is brought in proper appearance. Convenient to use, aesthetically attractive near the home space is possible on small pieces of land. The key role is played by the correct approach to creating a project to improve the territory. The first step is to collect information on the issue of interest, prioritization, preliminary planning.
Content
What is landscape design?
The problems of a successful combination of residential and office space with planted plants in a limited area are dealt with by the fine science of landscape design. The main task of the landscape designer is the effective use of every centimeter of land in terms of functionality, aesthetics, ergonomics. The designer is guided in his work by a wide range of tools, the appearance of plants is important, climatic conditions, soil structure, and features of the relief are important. In some cases, the landform is unsuccessful; it can be modified using design techniques. The fundamental principle of science is the approximation of a given territory to a natural look, which makes it possible for a person to feel unity with the environment, take a break from the gray, angular urban environment. Observing the basic principles of such a design, it will not be difficult for a person who does not have a special education to make his plot cozy and comfortable for all family members.
Where to begin
Before developing a document that determines the further course of work to improve the site — the landscape plan, it is worthwhile to clearly define the intended use of the territory. The needs of the family can be diverse, the circle of the main points from which the landscaping of the personal plot begins to be built has long been outlined:
This is an incomplete list of preliminary issues for approval; there may be dozens of such nuances.
Layout
The next step will be the direct development of project documentation based on previously collected technical data:
The end result of the effort is a plan with a detailed diagram of structures, communications, paths, green spaces, applied to it.
We plan the territory correctly
Having determined the presence of the main functional zones of the infield, the assortment of plants to be planted is worth evaluating the resulting project not only from the practical side, aesthetics play a leading role:
Avoid monochromatic design, bright color spots in the design will add life to your site.
Fence
The fences on the garden plot can be divided into two types: internal fences, used more for decoration; external fences - performing protective, delimiting functions. The second type is also called simply a fence. External fences are made of natural material, wood, brick, stone, cast concrete structures. The main requirement for external fences is a sufficient height to prevent unauthorized entry into the site. For suburban areas there is a height limit - no more than two meters. If the part of the fence facing the road can be made of any material, then the fence adjacent to neighboring sections should be transparent so as not to obscure the adjacent territory. The internal fences are characterized by a small height, attractive appearance due to the decorative material. Hedgerows are widely used, they are distinguished from borders by a high height, used to form perennial shrubs, while borders can be planted annually.
Site zoning
The division of the household plot into parts bearing a separate functional purpose is advisable from the point of view of efficient use of the area. Functional areas are the same for most sites. In the front of the site there is a front, entry area, in sight a place is allocated for a recreation area. For the cottages, it is typical to allocate a place under the beds, fruiting trees - a garden zone, they hide the economic zone from prying eyes. The presence of children involves the creation of a play area.
Front zone
The entrance or front zone of the site is located on a small area - about 6% of the entire territory, its functionality is small: to provide a comfortable check-in of transport, entrance to the site. But this is the first thing your guests will see.The most important thing to pay attention to is the arrangement of a convenient approach to the house, a convenient place to park a car. The passage to the apartment building is wide - about two meters. Around the parking lot, you should not plant trees, it can damage the car.
It makes no sense to decorate the area with a lawn; high traffic will turn it into unattractive shreds of grass. It is better to stop on tile, brick paving, concrete pouring. For decorative elements, there may not be enough space in this zone; they are, if necessary, placed along the line of the external fence. On the outside of the site, in the presence of a strip of full soil, you can plant a hedge, decorate the entrance to the house with the help of flowering annuals. To hide a sharp fence line helps planting decorative grapes, climbing varieties of roses.
Recreation area and barbecue
The recreation area occupies a somewhat large area of about 15% of the entire plot. It is being landscaped taking into account the possibility of cooking in the street, it is possible to equip a summer kitchen, a place for receiving guests. A stationary, mobile barbecue, grill, barbecue is immediately installed. It is possible to lay an outdoor stove out of refractory bricks. If the square allows, all kinds of gazebos, places for relaxation, guests are equipped. For a comfortable time in the recreation area, with its improvement, the following points are taken into account:
Garden area
Under the improvement of the garden zone, the largest number of hundreds of acres of land allotted, about 2/3 of the plot. The garden garden should be lit, however, for high-growing trees with a large branchy crown, the northern part is more suitable. It is better to isolate the garden from the recreation area and homeownership by a row of fruit trees, dwarf apple trees and cherries are perfectly able to cope with this role, they bloom and add picturesqueness to the whole garden. For convenience, the garden is divided into several separate beds using paved paths, so it is more convenient to take care of the seedlings. Under modular beds, a drip irrigation system is supplied. You can outline vegetable plantings from a hedge formed from fruiting shrubs: gooseberries, currants.
Economic zone
The economic zone of a country house is located in close proximity to the garden, includes a room for storing household equipment, workshops, utility rooms. If the area allows, a major garage is erected right there. An undoubted advantage will be the presence in the country of a bath or sauna. In this case, the steam room should have direct access paths to the house. If the country house is small, does not have internal amenities, then in the economic zone place a street toilet, outdoor shower. Facilities for economic purposes should not spoil the general aesthetics, therefore, they are hidden in small areas with the help of climbing plants, in a large area it is possible to use more massive internal fences.
Game Zone
The playground does not have to be of impressive size, about 10 square meters will be enough for a comfortable placement of two or three children. meters.A small sandbox, a swing, a simple sports and game equipment can fit into this square with success. The coverage of the area is provided exclusively soft in order to avoid injuries during outdoor games.
The play area is split in a dry, sunny place. Necessarily equipped shaded areas to hide from the heat.
Track Design
The main functional purpose of the tracks is to facilitate movement between the main zones. In addition, they play a unifying role in the entire landscape composition. The material for the manufacture of garden paths is diverse:
Plot lighting
Lighting installation work will be one of the first to start, before starting the main design work.This is due to the need to lay trenches, ditches, dig holes throughout the site.
Standard options for arranging a lighting scheme for a household plot can be presented in the form of a table where the lighting points are listed:
Light sources are fixed on the buildings themselves, specially dug poles, tree trunks at a height of about 2.5 m, then the light will not blind people, it will not interfere with movement around the site. The distance between the lamps depends on the power of the lamps, optimally - about 15 m.
Separately, it is worth identifying the role of marking lamps. They are mounted along paths, hazardous areas, various obstacles almost at ground level. In suburban areas, it is advisable to power such signal light points not from the network, but from the batteries.
Do it yourself home garden
Creating flower beds on the site
Flower beds are broken away from trees, many flowers do not tolerate shading. Avoid places with drafts, especially if you plant heat-loving, moody flowers. The composition will look harmonious if the plants are planted taking into account the size, height of the stem, timing and frequency of flowering. Do not neglect the methods of color: colors should be combined with each other, too bright composition should be diluted with white tint. Spikelet plants and shrubs perfectly complement any flower bed. A beginner gardener does not need to get involved in complicated forms of flower beds. Landscape designers are advised to first get their hands on the classic - a flower bed with a dominant in the center - the largest plant around which a composition of auxiliary flowers is formed.
For amateur gardeners without outside help, the easiest way to plant a monoclomb. On the plot, a plot of any, most intricate form is drawn. It remains to sow it with annual or perennial plants. Such flower beds fit perfectly into any landscape style.
A simple option for a flower bed is a mixborder - flowers, grasses planted in the form of strips. Such flower beds surround larger flower beds, lawns, decorative forms of the site. For planting, you can use a vegetable mix, the main requirement is that small flowers are planted closer to the paths, and large plants are planted at the back edge. Try to match the flowering time of all plants in the mixborder. Mixborders can be either annual or perennial. In the latter case, once every several years they will need to be thinned out, some plants should be separated.
Lawns
Domestic gardeners prefer to sow lawn grass on their own, although there is always the opportunity to purchase a lawn in rolls. Depending on the composition of the seeds, the intended purpose, the lawns are divided into:
Decorative lawns, you can’t walk on them, are planted from elite varieties of herbs, they are distinguished by a bright color - ground floor;
Before planting the lawn, the soil is cleaned of weeds, the site is leveled. If necessary, the fertile soil layer is removed, drainage is poured, the soil returns to its place. For an arid climate, this is not necessary.A sifted mixture of peat, compost, sand and a ten-centimeter-thick layer is laid on top of the main soil. Then the layer is rammed with a special skating rink, left alone for a two-week period, thus the remaining weeds are revealed. When the weed grows, it is removed again, the area under the lawn is finally leveled, tamped again. The day before sowing, the earth is watered, on the day of sowing, they are cultivated by raking, the seeds are sown according to the instructions.
In the first year you need to water the lawn regularly with the help of a spraying system. Be prepared for some heterogeneity of grass cover in the first growing season, remove germinating weeds. In the second year, the lawn will acquire the proper appearance, it will need to be watered 1-2 times a month. Periodically, it will be necessary to carry out loosening of the turf with a studded roller.
Artificial ponds
The artificial reservoirs used for swimming must strictly comply with safety standards, the water in them must be constantly filtered, the pool structure will have to be cleaned periodically. Decorative reservoirs require the creation of such an ecosystem in which the water will not cloud, stagnate, overgrow with undesirable plants.
A good place to place would be an area where only half of the day is sunny. If the pond is in the sun all day, the water in it will evaporate, plants and fish will feel uncomfortable in conditions of elevated temperature.
Fountains
Stationary fountains are a separate element of landscape design. They can be of impressive size, but most often in cramped conditions they stop on small granite, ceramic bowls with intricate decor. Such architectural forms are placed in the center of the garden so that it can be seen from anywhere.
Submersible fountains are installed at the bottom of artificial ponds, then jets break through the water column: vertically, horizontally, with bubbles, a funnel,cascade. The “pinwheel” looks very impressive - the water jets move along a spiral path. To enhance the effect of the fountains complement the musical accompaniment, lighting effects. Fountains with high power jets are mounted away from the garden, residential buildings, so that moisture does not get on the walls.
Waterfall
They begin to build a waterfall from the bottom up, and the first layer should be even. They usually stop at a height of 1.5 m., Too high design height makes it difficult for the water pump to work. It is laid at the bottom of the reservoir, the stronger the stream, the more powerful the equipment for supplying water will be required, it is additionally filtered before being taken from the reservoir. A calm flow of water ensures the use in the construction of stones with a depression in the center, in them water accumulates gradually, slowly flowing down. A turbulent foam stream is created when water flows between smooth cobblestones under high pressure. If the edges of the stones are jagged, water will flow in separate streams. The final decoration of the waterfall is made by laying around decorative stones. In the evening, the waterfall is highlighted with spotlight.
Pond
A pit for a pond is dug up in the penumbra zone, the trees should be located as far as possible, there is a risk of irreversible damage to the roots. After the contours are outlined, start digging. Deepening in the earth is done stepwise, at different levels deep-sea, shallow-water representatives of the flora land. At the bottom of the pit, a channel is excavated for laying electrical networks that ensure the operation of the filter and the submersible fountain. After installing the electrical equipment, they begin to seal with the help of a film cast from acrylic finished forms. The edges of the pond are decorated with stones that hide the edges of the insulating material. After filling the pond with water, proceed to planting plants.If you plan to start the fish, make the pond deep - at least 1 m., The water in winter should not freeze completely. For a successful wintering, the living inhabitants of the pond need space.
Rock gardens as part of a mountain landscape
The main task of the Alpine slide is to recreate the unique mountain landscape of the Alps. This is achieved by creating a landscape form consisting of rocks with the inclusion of vegetation characteristic of alpine landscapes. The hill is built taking into account the southwestern orientation in the center, on the edge of the lawn. Since the composition is complex in structure, a sketch is preliminarily created.
The rock garden is filled with plants growing on the slopes of the alpine mountains. The first to plant shrubs, then grass, complete the image of the plant, growing at the very soil cover. The slide should please with its beauty in the cold season, primroses are combined with coniferous, evergreen shrubs. In the center of the rock garden, stunted trees are often planted with climbing branches. Caring for the rock garden is simple - you rarely need to moisten the soil, occasionally remove dead parts of plants, weeds. Alpine hills love snowy winters, the cover prevents plants from freezing.
Landscaping and its styles
English
English, it is a natural, landscape style suggests a casual naturalness in everything. Ornate paths, meadow grasses, slightly overgrown ponds - everything should look as if they are not subjected to any special care. Of course, this is not true. An exception to the general concept of lawns - neat lawns with benches along the paths are typical of England. This style fits well with our climatic conditions, the sites will look harmonious both in summer and in winter. For decoration in the English style, it becomes almost mandatory to have secluded, shaded corners, ivy-covered arbors, a pond with water lilies, and reeds.It must be remembered that such a style can only be recreated on a relatively large area. On four hundred parts, this will not succeed.
Mediterranean
The Mediterranean style is characterized by the wide use of marble, pebbles, stones in the decor. The nature of the appearance of the style involves the presence of steps, retaining structures, stairs, terraces. Gardens are interspersed with artificially created decorative elements. In a cold climate, the idea of a Mediterranean garden is difficult to implement, except in winter gardens. The Mediterranean style is characterized by an abundance of citruses, palm trees, olives, pistachios. Topiary came to us from this garden - skillfully trimmed shrubs in the form of intricate figures. Furniture in such a garden is light and comfortable, copies of antique statues, amphora, pseudo-ancient vases become the main element of the decor. Such ceramics are often surrounded by ivy. Fountains will not be superfluous, but they should not be too bulky, compact marble bowls will suffice.
French
Everything under the line is the main idea of the French style. Clear lines, exceptionally regular shapes, perfectly flat paths. The whole composition should be centered around a small pond, a fountain - always the correct geometric shape. On a large area of the site, a lawn is planted, fenced with a dense hedge - a bosquet. An interesting element is a maze of densely planted trees, which give a clear shape of a pyramid, ball, cube. The walls of a live puzzle can have hidden niches with benches, as if you were in the gardens of Versailles. Fountains for the French style are characterized by an impeccably regular shape, but necessarily massive with a spectacular ejection of jets of water. The paths are covered with fine gravel, outlined with the help of neat plant borders. In the pattern of flower beds there are no random spots, they are either simple to ugliness, or they are an intricate, but clear pattern.
Oriental
Refined transitions, smoothness, leisureliness in everything, gentle combinations characterize the oriental style. Dwarf trees, undersized shrubs interspersed with small ponds. The landscape is designed to relieve stress, leisurely thoughts about the essence of being. Colors are selected discreet, softening the atmosphere. The key to everything is stones - they should look as if they had lain in one place for thousands of years. Their forms are rounded, covered with moss. They serve as a reminder of the transience of our lives in comparison with eternity. Narrow alleys, curved bridges push for long unhurried walks. Everything in the oriental garden is permeated with philosophy, especially the little things in the form of lanterns, vases. Carps in the garden pond serve as a symbol of prosperity; they can perfectly endure the harsh winter. The standard arbor is replaced by a house for tea ceremonies.
Russian style
Close to us is the Russian style. The design of the plot is rustic, with a fabulous shade. Plantings are based on practicality - all kinds of fruit trees, flower beds, consisting of medicinal herbs. Manors built in the Russian style are characterized by the presence of a bathhouse, a real, at worst, decorative well. Wooden arbors, wicker fences, decorated with antique clay pots, paths from wooden circles are indispensable attributes of style. Children will be pleased with carved fairy-tale characters placed randomly throughout the site. A collection of antique household items will help strengthen the atmosphere. The outer borders of the plot are often planted with white-birch birches. To realize the idea of designing a site in the Russian style, you don’t need much - remember the grandmother’s house in the village, bring warm childhood memories to life by modernizing them somewhat.
Conclusion
The desire for harmony is inherent in each of us. Having become the owner of even a small piece of land, we strive to make it a sweetheart, a place of relaxation, avoiding the daily bustle.Long gone are the days when several hundred in the country served as the main source of food, this place has become a source of restoration of mental strength. It is enough to see the perfect picture in your head, not to be afraid to realize your dream in life. Take it easy, embody insane ideas, don't stop halfway. Perhaps your work will attract something new to the science of landscape design, will become a new trend in the art of making the world beautiful around.