Spiral staircases: design options, assembly and installation
Stairs have long been erected to move between floors, and even high-speed elevators are not able to displace them. A quick move between two adjacent levels is possible due to the steps, because the elevator sometimes takes a long time to wait. A spiral staircase, in turn, can conveniently connect several floors to a high hall at once, which is why it has been widely used in hotels. In private estates, thanks to her, they form an attractive design without involving a huge space. The design is really less cumbersome than the direct march option, and allows the use of the territory in close proximity. Not all spiral staircases are narrow - there are options with wide gaps to improve the aesthetics of the interior of large buildings. Key aspects for spiral staircases are safety and convenience.On such lifts, helical rungs are used.
After the Middle Ages, such stairs re-gained popularity in the 1950s, during the era of rapid development of constructivism and functionalism. In a modern interior, it is a stylish element that emphasizes manufacturability. The steps on the spiral staircase are placed radially, because of which a pattern similar to a threaded screw is formed. This feature of the form allows you to save a large amount of space and, in fact, was displayed on the name of the design. Spiral staircases differ in the number of turns, the size of the segments, the materials of manufacture and the type of supports. The only support can act as the vertical base of the stairs, and in some cases, additionally mount supporting racks. Part of the stairs is sometimes forced, and in some cases specially attached to the wall, if the layout of the room allows it.
Despite the fact that designers comply with the norms and standards for spiral staircases, a wide selection of uniform variations is available to customers. Designs differ significantly in the pattern of steps and the number of turns.
Advantages and disadvantages
The right choice begins with a study of the strengths and weaknesses. The spiral staircase design will make the simple and straightforward design original while preserving precious cubic meters.The design of the twisted staircase is selected based on the characteristics of the room and individual needs, despite the fact that the production of a rounded structure generally takes less material. The location, the height of the steps, their number and size - all of these indicators can vary significantly. In general, there are more pluses, however, owners of houses and apartments with more than one floor should be aware of the negative aspects. The first difficulties usually arise at the design stage, because the manufacture of radial structures requires complex calculations with fractional numbers. It will not be possible to normally operate a spiral staircase to lift large objects, moreover, even two people can find it difficult to miss each other.
A large number of people on the lift simultaneously creates a dangerous load for the construction. The main disadvantage is that you can climb the usual steps much faster.
Even a complex form option can be mounted with a minimum number of building materials and a good save on this.
The main types of spiral staircases
Distinguish these types of spiral staircases:
plain;
cantilevered;
without a rack;
classic with a stand.
A simple option is closed, or rather, limited by walls, and partially or from all sides. In this case, the steps come out of the thick support with a narrow side, and abut against adjacent surfaces with the wide one. The cantilever type of constructions implies a completely open staircase, where the elements of a spiral-shaped pattern go out into free space and are most often limited to handrails for safe climbing. On the side of the rod, the steps narrow or do not change in size, in accordance with the preferences of some designers and ordinary inhabitants. Spiral and some other models are distinguished by the absence of a support column. The role of the supporting element in them is performed by the bowstring, usually it is connected to the side barriers.The classic structure is a step strung on a rod. It is the options with a central pillar that are most similar to the structure of the screw and thanks to them the variety is called "screw".
Complete set and elements of finished spiral staircases
In most cases, the spiral staircase has an ideal circular structure on the plan from above with the center in the form of a support column, as well as with meter-length steps around the entire perimeter. Moreover, the use of steps longer than one and a half meters is unprofitable from the point of view of saving space. The screw structure may consist of a support column, bowstring, side rails, railings, balusters, support walls and steps. The central support is present in 3 types of stairs. It can be thin, and can take up a lot of space. In the second case, a spiral staircase is likely to be provided initially. Handrails (handrails) are installed on balusters or provided as a unit with a side fence. Balusters or barriers are not on all stairs, for example, on miniature structures sometimes do without them. The role of the support is able to play a bowstring and solid piers. The latter have a height of up to the first floor or completely hide the structure. Treads are performed as simple running steps or under the “duck step”.
Materials for the manufacture of stairs
The main options:
Tree;
Metal;
Glass;
Concrete;
A rock.
Structural strength and useful life, price, installation method, compatibility with the environment depends on the material. Stairs can be made entirely of one material due to design features, however, in practice, combined options prevail. Everything rests on the general aesthetics and nature of the loads. Iron structures are erected in places of heavy use, and the load on the foundation is sometimes lower than from concrete and stone stairs.Of plastic and other non-basic materials, railings and decorative details are made. A new option in the construction of stairs became available with the advent of durable glass. However, for high structures, this solution is considered risky, and the aesthetic properties of glass are not universal. Wood and stone are ideal for arranging an expensive environment. Concrete is recognized as the most convenient material from a design point of view, but this does not limit the ability to build unusual stairs.
Tree
Natural wood is in demand even in modern design with its technological focus. After processing, natural raw materials retain some of the useful qualities that provide an advantage over other materials. Wooden stairs are resistant to various loads, have high strength indicators. The described features of the material retains for decades. Moisture resistance and protection against small pests provide special impregnation. In addition, the compositions give the coating a flawless look. The natural color of wood is used as a ready-made design solution, and a large selection of paints for wood will satisfy the most demanding. Having the skills to work with a tree will help with the self-assembly of a small ladder. However, the design itself is a matter for professionals. In the modern period, wood is often combined with metal, which opens up opportunities for style decisions.
Metal
Often used:
cast iron;
stainless steel
carbon steel;
aluminum.
For any design, strength and durability are important, so some consumers do not see an alternative to metal. Cast iron, for example, is resistant not only to the mechanical stresses themselves, but also to a violation of the aesthetics of the coating. A relatively low price means that the metal is in an attractive category according to the price / quality criterion. Moreover, the tendency to corrosion is leveled by powder dyes.The latter have a positive effect on the appearance of the material. The pigment palette for coloring metals includes a large list of colors and shades. Nickel plating and chromium plating will further improve the coating. Lightweight metal, aluminum is used for the construction of strong spiral staircases. At the same time, it is possible to avoid excessive load on the supporting elements of the building. Aluminum is also known for its anti-corrosion properties. Stylish technological interior in the styles of hi-tech, biotech, techno and minimalism are made using stainless steel.
Glass
Transparent glass options are found in business centers, shops, offices, spas. Using a large amount of glass at home is not the best solution, but the ability to competently organize space together with the originality of spiral staircases will positively affect the room. They design glass structures mainly in hallways and in kitchens and in living rooms, if interior design allows. In any case, a transparent staircase is placed in the most visible place; other layout options do not make sense. Glass in itself is a fragile material, but at the same time, tempered and plexiglass is even better in strength than wood. High-impact glass staircases can be erected on many floors. Tinted options are becoming increasingly popular. Pigmented glass will fit into the interior, originally not designed to accommodate glass objects.
Concrete
A staircase made of this material will cost a relatively small amount, but at the same time weighs a lot. Despite the lack of decorative qualities in concrete itself, this option is recommended for use by those who want to build some kind of special design. The staircase is assembled from a frame with reinforced elements, with the addition of a cementing solution, for example, from cement. Metal inclusions of any shape are used.Thanks to this, you can experiment with the configuration of the bowstring without placing a special order. It is noteworthy that the presence of the frame is the main inconvenience of concrete structures, although it does not force developers to abandon creative ideas. Stairs have either a uniform structure with a concrete base, handrails, a bowstring and steps, or the material is used to form individual parts.
A rock
Strong and durable material. Stone steps are ideal for an expensive interior, for example, under the baroque or classicism. In terms of variety of texture and color, stone products are superior to all others. The surface of the stone is ideally smooth, slightly rough, with small chips, a granular structure. Even an ordinary stone looks beautiful and expensive, and a large budget allows the owner to feel the beauty of stairs made of malachite, marble or other valuable species. Among the shortcomings, in addition to the high price, it is worth noting the complexity and duration of manufacture, high weight. Massive stone stairs are erected only from the first floor. It is because of the heavy load that stone structures are much less common. Designers carefully calculate the capabilities of the base under them and usually form it from brick or concrete, using metal inclusions. The stone is used not only as the main material, but also as a decor for steps.
Staircase shape
In projects, sometimes a pattern is laid that involves the use of runaway steps and has different radii or shifted turns. Race steps are spiral and rotary. The first option is also used in the construction of spiral staircases, and sometimes a closed spiral is transferred to an open branch. At the stairs of this kind, between the steps there is a perfectly round space, an oval layout is rare.Spiral ladders are included in the category of curved, the main feature of which is the lack of a central support. The classical spiral staircase has such a rack. Circular ladders are also referred to as curved. In rounded stairs, steps are sometimes "diluted" with small areas. As for the rotary steps, they are necessary for making a bend with a right or acute angle. Such turns gave the name to a rectangular spiral staircase. The latter consists of a large number of marches, at least three on one level.
Some projects combine spiral and rectilinear drawing in one solution - lovers of abstract design should take a look at such ideas.
How to design correctly - calculation of parameters
Design includes accounting for ten key indicators, not counting the size of the workpieces. The length of each individual step of the spiral staircase should be at least 80 cm. The acceptable width of the central part of the treads is at least 20-25 cm. The size of the step is determined by the difference in the width of the workpiece and the final product, length and angle. To make a design drawing, it is better to use special calculators. It is necessary to determine and introduce such indicators as the total lift height, the diameter of the turn, the distance forming the inner radius. The number of steps and their key characteristics should be added to the calculations: length, width, thickness and angle (if the width of the tread is not the same at both ends). The height of the spans between the steps is also measured, and they are in the vast majority of ordinary spiral and in a significant part of curved stairs. The last significant indicator for the calculations is the angle of rotation of the stairs. Lekalny options are designed with a lot of additional data.
The optimal dimensions of the stairs and its elements
A key part of the lifting system is the steps. Their dimensions are regulated by norms and recommendations.The distance from the inner diameter to the outer edge is called the length, and the transverse measure is called the width. The recommended length value is in the range of 80-150 cm. The central part of the step cannot be made already 20 cm, moreover, it is recommended to take no more than 45 cm to the widest part, wherever it is. The interval between the steps is usually designed to be zero or negative, because the gap will not add comfort to the operation of the stairs. In rounded lifts, the clearance between the steps of the steps is greater than in direct marches. The optimal value is 18-25 cm. The railing is best placed at a height of at least 100 cm. The overall height of the structure is an individual moment, in the first place, it is important to precisely match the building levels. The width of the place on the step, which a person usually steps on, also matters - for convenience it is recommended to leave at least 25 cm on it.
Production of staircase construction details
The main bearing element, the support pillar is made of a metal pipe, less often - of a wooden rod, bricks or concrete. The diameter of the variant is made of metal with a thickness of 5 cm, the rest of 15 or 50 cm. The central pillar is made with a safety margin with the expectation of the mass of all elements, several people and heavy baggage. Steps, in turn, are easy to do on your own. Glued bars are recommended for this. First, a template is formed, and then each step is cut from the workpiece with a marked radius. The last, upper step is best done by the platform flush with the floor and with a larger width. As for racks and balusters, at least 50 × 50 mm in section for wood and 15 × 15 mm for metal are required. Independent production of balusters will be an interesting occupation, you need only minimal lathe skills and a scheme. The railing, in turn, has a curved structure, so for all options for creating a high level of complexity:
Sawing short pieces from a solid array.
Bonding from thin veneers.
Sawing bent parts from a block.
Features of the installation of the staircase
First of all, install a pillar, if such a support is provided for by the project. Expert help is needed because curvature will provoke gradual destruction. The column is installed on the supporting heel. Then the pipe is wrapped with polyethylene and steps are mounted on it using special sleeves. The installation of the horizontal elements of the stairs is done with bolts. In the process, they are guided by the construction level. Instead of bolts, columns or jibs are also used. They are necessary in heavy constructions in order to direct the load on the support more evenly. Handrails are relatively easy to install. With a bolt fastening system, metal pipes are used as mortgages for racks. Handrails are attached with a pin. Curved options without a central support are more difficult to assemble, while you need to accurately calculate the load on the bowstring.
Decor and lighting of spiral staircases
Creating an original design is best started at the design stage. Most of the attention is paid to the shape of the steps. On the finished staircase, a support post and a railing are decorated. The column can be decorated with artificial plants, railings - drawings or even bookshelves. In this sense, as well as in terms of safety, solid railings are better. The metal lift is styled in historical motifs or as an industrial object, and the steps are decorated with forged forms. The supporting part of the ladders is also erected in the form of modules for storing objects, which, among other things, adds stability design. Illumination for stairs is used for practical and decorative purposes. In a dark place, it is simply necessary, and on the other hand - placed on a support or steps, it gives the design a spectacular and lightness.The staircase equipped with neon or LED lighting looks presentable and can be conveniently operated in the dark.
The decor of a spiral staircase can be successfully coordinated with many styles, including:
American
constructivism;
high tech;
Victorian
Spanish
minimalism;
rustic.
Conclusion
The spiral staircase is an outstanding invention. The design repeats the circular shapes that are ideal by the standards of the natural environment and at the same time transform or complement the decor. Staircases are erected mainly inside buildings, although they are useful everywhere. Unambiguous advantages include small size and original appearance. Of the minuses, a reduced bearing capacity and a long rise are distinguished, although the compact options with a supporting stand are almost as good as straight stairs in the latter indicator. As with straightforward options, the cost of projects varies greatly. Nowadays, stairs are mainly made in large private houses, although in the Middle Ages they were erected in places of common use - in towers and bell towers. The structure of spiral staircases can be closed, cantilever, spiral and with a central pillar. Of the materials used are wood, metal, stone, concrete and glass. Some parts can be calculated and made by yourself.
Stairs have long been erected to move between floors, and even high-speed elevators are not able to displace them. A quick move between two adjacent levels is possible due to the steps, because the elevator sometimes takes a long time to wait. A spiral staircase, in turn, can conveniently connect several floors to a high hall at once, which is why it has been widely used in hotels. In private estates, thanks to her, they form an attractive design without involving a huge space. The design is really less cumbersome than the direct march option, and allows the use of the territory in close proximity. Not all spiral staircases are narrow - there are options with wide gaps to improve the aesthetics of the interior of large buildings. Key aspects for spiral staircases are safety and convenience.On such lifts, helical rungs are used.
Content
Features of a spiral staircase in the interior
After the Middle Ages, such stairs re-gained popularity in the 1950s, during the era of rapid development of constructivism and functionalism. In a modern interior, it is a stylish element that emphasizes manufacturability. The steps on the spiral staircase are placed radially, because of which a pattern similar to a threaded screw is formed. This feature of the form allows you to save a large amount of space and, in fact, was displayed on the name of the design. Spiral staircases differ in the number of turns, the size of the segments, the materials of manufacture and the type of supports. The only support can act as the vertical base of the stairs, and in some cases, additionally mount supporting racks. Part of the stairs is sometimes forced, and in some cases specially attached to the wall, if the layout of the room allows it.
Despite the fact that designers comply with the norms and standards for spiral staircases, a wide selection of uniform variations is available to customers. Designs differ significantly in the pattern of steps and the number of turns.
Advantages and disadvantages
The right choice begins with a study of the strengths and weaknesses. The spiral staircase design will make the simple and straightforward design original while preserving precious cubic meters.The design of the twisted staircase is selected based on the characteristics of the room and individual needs, despite the fact that the production of a rounded structure generally takes less material. The location, the height of the steps, their number and size - all of these indicators can vary significantly. In general, there are more pluses, however, owners of houses and apartments with more than one floor should be aware of the negative aspects. The first difficulties usually arise at the design stage, because the manufacture of radial structures requires complex calculations with fractional numbers. It will not be possible to normally operate a spiral staircase to lift large objects, moreover, even two people can find it difficult to miss each other.
A large number of people on the lift simultaneously creates a dangerous load for the construction. The main disadvantage is that you can climb the usual steps much faster.
The main types of spiral staircases
Distinguish these types of spiral staircases:
A simple option is closed, or rather, limited by walls, and partially or from all sides. In this case, the steps come out of the thick support with a narrow side, and abut against adjacent surfaces with the wide one. The cantilever type of constructions implies a completely open staircase, where the elements of a spiral-shaped pattern go out into free space and are most often limited to handrails for safe climbing. On the side of the rod, the steps narrow or do not change in size, in accordance with the preferences of some designers and ordinary inhabitants. Spiral and some other models are distinguished by the absence of a support column. The role of the supporting element in them is performed by the bowstring, usually it is connected to the side barriers.The classic structure is a step strung on a rod. It is the options with a central pillar that are most similar to the structure of the screw and thanks to them the variety is called "screw".
Complete set and elements of finished spiral staircases
In most cases, the spiral staircase has an ideal circular structure on the plan from above with the center in the form of a support column, as well as with meter-length steps around the entire perimeter. Moreover, the use of steps longer than one and a half meters is unprofitable from the point of view of saving space. The screw structure may consist of a support column, bowstring, side rails, railings, balusters, support walls and steps. The central support is present in 3 types of stairs. It can be thin, and can take up a lot of space. In the second case, a spiral staircase is likely to be provided initially. Handrails (handrails) are installed on balusters or provided as a unit with a side fence. Balusters or barriers are not on all stairs, for example, on miniature structures sometimes do without them. The role of the support is able to play a bowstring and solid piers. The latter have a height of up to the first floor or completely hide the structure. Treads are performed as simple running steps or under the “duck step”.
Materials for the manufacture of stairs
The main options:
Structural strength and useful life, price, installation method, compatibility with the environment depends on the material. Stairs can be made entirely of one material due to design features, however, in practice, combined options prevail. Everything rests on the general aesthetics and nature of the loads. Iron structures are erected in places of heavy use, and the load on the foundation is sometimes lower than from concrete and stone stairs.Of plastic and other non-basic materials, railings and decorative details are made. A new option in the construction of stairs became available with the advent of durable glass. However, for high structures, this solution is considered risky, and the aesthetic properties of glass are not universal. Wood and stone are ideal for arranging an expensive environment. Concrete is recognized as the most convenient material from a design point of view, but this does not limit the ability to build unusual stairs.
Tree
Natural wood is in demand even in modern design with its technological focus. After processing, natural raw materials retain some of the useful qualities that provide an advantage over other materials. Wooden stairs are resistant to various loads, have high strength indicators. The described features of the material retains for decades. Moisture resistance and protection against small pests provide special impregnation. In addition, the compositions give the coating a flawless look. The natural color of wood is used as a ready-made design solution, and a large selection of paints for wood will satisfy the most demanding. Having the skills to work with a tree will help with the self-assembly of a small ladder. However, the design itself is a matter for professionals. In the modern period, wood is often combined with metal, which opens up opportunities for style decisions.
Metal
Often used:
For any design, strength and durability are important, so some consumers do not see an alternative to metal. Cast iron, for example, is resistant not only to the mechanical stresses themselves, but also to a violation of the aesthetics of the coating. A relatively low price means that the metal is in an attractive category according to the price / quality criterion. Moreover, the tendency to corrosion is leveled by powder dyes.The latter have a positive effect on the appearance of the material. The pigment palette for coloring metals includes a large list of colors and shades. Nickel plating and chromium plating will further improve the coating. Lightweight metal, aluminum is used for the construction of strong spiral staircases. At the same time, it is possible to avoid excessive load on the supporting elements of the building. Aluminum is also known for its anti-corrosion properties. Stylish technological interior in the styles of hi-tech, biotech, techno and minimalism are made using stainless steel.
Glass
Transparent glass options are found in business centers, shops, offices, spas. Using a large amount of glass at home is not the best solution, but the ability to competently organize space together with the originality of spiral staircases will positively affect the room. They design glass structures mainly in hallways and in kitchens and in living rooms, if interior design allows. In any case, a transparent staircase is placed in the most visible place; other layout options do not make sense. Glass in itself is a fragile material, but at the same time, tempered and plexiglass is even better in strength than wood. High-impact glass staircases can be erected on many floors. Tinted options are becoming increasingly popular. Pigmented glass will fit into the interior, originally not designed to accommodate glass objects.
Concrete
A staircase made of this material will cost a relatively small amount, but at the same time weighs a lot. Despite the lack of decorative qualities in concrete itself, this option is recommended for use by those who want to build some kind of special design. The staircase is assembled from a frame with reinforced elements, with the addition of a cementing solution, for example, from cement. Metal inclusions of any shape are used.Thanks to this, you can experiment with the configuration of the bowstring without placing a special order. It is noteworthy that the presence of the frame is the main inconvenience of concrete structures, although it does not force developers to abandon creative ideas. Stairs have either a uniform structure with a concrete base, handrails, a bowstring and steps, or the material is used to form individual parts.
A rock
Strong and durable material. Stone steps are ideal for an expensive interior, for example, under the baroque or classicism. In terms of variety of texture and color, stone products are superior to all others. The surface of the stone is ideally smooth, slightly rough, with small chips, a granular structure. Even an ordinary stone looks beautiful and expensive, and a large budget allows the owner to feel the beauty of stairs made of malachite, marble or other valuable species. Among the shortcomings, in addition to the high price, it is worth noting the complexity and duration of manufacture, high weight. Massive stone stairs are erected only from the first floor. It is because of the heavy load that stone structures are much less common. Designers carefully calculate the capabilities of the base under them and usually form it from brick or concrete, using metal inclusions. The stone is used not only as the main material, but also as a decor for steps.
Staircase shape
In projects, sometimes a pattern is laid that involves the use of runaway steps and has different radii or shifted turns. Race steps are spiral and rotary. The first option is also used in the construction of spiral staircases, and sometimes a closed spiral is transferred to an open branch. At the stairs of this kind, between the steps there is a perfectly round space, an oval layout is rare.Spiral ladders are included in the category of curved, the main feature of which is the lack of a central support. The classical spiral staircase has such a rack. Circular ladders are also referred to as curved. In rounded stairs, steps are sometimes "diluted" with small areas. As for the rotary steps, they are necessary for making a bend with a right or acute angle. Such turns gave the name to a rectangular spiral staircase. The latter consists of a large number of marches, at least three on one level.
How to design correctly - calculation of parameters
Design includes accounting for ten key indicators, not counting the size of the workpieces. The length of each individual step of the spiral staircase should be at least 80 cm. The acceptable width of the central part of the treads is at least 20-25 cm. The size of the step is determined by the difference in the width of the workpiece and the final product, length and angle. To make a design drawing, it is better to use special calculators. It is necessary to determine and introduce such indicators as the total lift height, the diameter of the turn, the distance forming the inner radius. The number of steps and their key characteristics should be added to the calculations: length, width, thickness and angle (if the width of the tread is not the same at both ends). The height of the spans between the steps is also measured, and they are in the vast majority of ordinary spiral and in a significant part of curved stairs. The last significant indicator for the calculations is the angle of rotation of the stairs. Lekalny options are designed with a lot of additional data.
The optimal dimensions of the stairs and its elements
A key part of the lifting system is the steps. Their dimensions are regulated by norms and recommendations.The distance from the inner diameter to the outer edge is called the length, and the transverse measure is called the width. The recommended length value is in the range of 80-150 cm. The central part of the step cannot be made already 20 cm, moreover, it is recommended to take no more than 45 cm to the widest part, wherever it is. The interval between the steps is usually designed to be zero or negative, because the gap will not add comfort to the operation of the stairs. In rounded lifts, the clearance between the steps of the steps is greater than in direct marches. The optimal value is 18-25 cm. The railing is best placed at a height of at least 100 cm. The overall height of the structure is an individual moment, in the first place, it is important to precisely match the building levels. The width of the place on the step, which a person usually steps on, also matters - for convenience it is recommended to leave at least 25 cm on it.
Production of staircase construction details
The main bearing element, the support pillar is made of a metal pipe, less often - of a wooden rod, bricks or concrete. The diameter of the variant is made of metal with a thickness of 5 cm, the rest of 15 or 50 cm. The central pillar is made with a safety margin with the expectation of the mass of all elements, several people and heavy baggage. Steps, in turn, are easy to do on your own. Glued bars are recommended for this. First, a template is formed, and then each step is cut from the workpiece with a marked radius. The last, upper step is best done by the platform flush with the floor and with a larger width. As for racks and balusters, at least 50 × 50 mm in section for wood and 15 × 15 mm for metal are required. Independent production of balusters will be an interesting occupation, you need only minimal lathe skills and a scheme. The railing, in turn, has a curved structure, so for all options for creating a high level of complexity:
Features of the installation of the staircase
First of all, install a pillar, if such a support is provided for by the project. Expert help is needed because curvature will provoke gradual destruction. The column is installed on the supporting heel. Then the pipe is wrapped with polyethylene and steps are mounted on it using special sleeves. The installation of the horizontal elements of the stairs is done with bolts. In the process, they are guided by the construction level. Instead of bolts, columns or jibs are also used. They are necessary in heavy constructions in order to direct the load on the support more evenly. Handrails are relatively easy to install. With a bolt fastening system, metal pipes are used as mortgages for racks. Handrails are attached with a pin. Curved options without a central support are more difficult to assemble, while you need to accurately calculate the load on the bowstring.
Decor and lighting of spiral staircases
Creating an original design is best started at the design stage. Most of the attention is paid to the shape of the steps. On the finished staircase, a support post and a railing are decorated. The column can be decorated with artificial plants, railings - drawings or even bookshelves. In this sense, as well as in terms of safety, solid railings are better. The metal lift is styled in historical motifs or as an industrial object, and the steps are decorated with forged forms. The supporting part of the ladders is also erected in the form of modules for storing objects, which, among other things, adds stability design. Illumination for stairs is used for practical and decorative purposes. In a dark place, it is simply necessary, and on the other hand - placed on a support or steps, it gives the design a spectacular and lightness.The staircase equipped with neon or LED lighting looks presentable and can be conveniently operated in the dark.
The decor of a spiral staircase can be successfully coordinated with many styles, including:
Conclusion
The spiral staircase is an outstanding invention. The design repeats the circular shapes that are ideal by the standards of the natural environment and at the same time transform or complement the decor. Staircases are erected mainly inside buildings, although they are useful everywhere. Unambiguous advantages include small size and original appearance. Of the minuses, a reduced bearing capacity and a long rise are distinguished, although the compact options with a supporting stand are almost as good as straight stairs in the latter indicator. As with straightforward options, the cost of projects varies greatly. Nowadays, stairs are mainly made in large private houses, although in the Middle Ages they were erected in places of common use - in towers and bell towers. The structure of spiral staircases can be closed, cantilever, spiral and with a central pillar. Of the materials used are wood, metal, stone, concrete and glass. Some parts can be calculated and made by yourself.